Marangoni effects in welding
1998; Royal Society; Volume: 356; Issue: 1739 Linguagem: Galês
10.1098/rsta.1998.0196
ISSN1471-2962
AutoresK. C. Mills, B. J. Keene, R. F. Brooks, A.A. Shirali,
Tópico(s)Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics
ResumoRestricted accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article 1998Marangoni effects in weldingPhil. Trans. R. Soc. A.356911–925http://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1998.0196SectionRestricted accessMarangoni effects in welding Published:15 April 1998https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1998.0196AbstractThe problem of it variable weld penetration or ‘cast–to–cast’ variation in GTA/TIG welding is discussed. It is shown that for normal GTA/TIG welding conditions the Heiple–Roper theory is valid, i.e. that weld penetration is controlled by the fluid flow in the weld pool which, in turn, is controlled by the direction and magnitude of the thermocapillary forces. For most steels the direction and magnitude of these forces are determined by the sulphur content, since the temperature coefficient of surface tension () is negative when S < 30 ppm and this leads to a radially outward flow and poor penetration whereas a steel with S > 60 ppm has a positive (dγ/dT) which produces a radially inward flow giving good weld penetration. Thermocapillary forces were shown to play a part in the problems of ‘off–centre welding’, ‘porosity’ and ‘arc wander’ in GTA/TIG welding in the surface rippling of welds. Previous ArticleNext Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsCited by Salgado Sánchez P, Ezquerro J, Fernández J and Rodríguez J (2020) Thermocapillary effects during the melting of phase-change materials in microgravity: steady and oscillatory flow regimes, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 10.1017/jfm.2020.852, 908, Online publication date: 10-Feb-2021. 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