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A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals.

2009; American Psychological Association; Volume: 28; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1037/a0012715

1930-7810

Steven A. Safren, Conall O’Cleirigh, Judy Y. Tan, Sudha Raminani, Laura C. Reilly, Michael W. Otto, Kenneth H. Mayer,

Family Caregiving in Mental Illness

To test cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in type 2 diabetes.We hypothesized that CBT-AD would improve adherence; depression; and, secondarily, hemoglobin A 1c (A1C). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSEighty-seven adults with unipolar depression and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes received enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU), including medication adherence, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), and lifestyle counseling; a provider letter documented psychiatric diagnoses.Those randomized to the intervention arm also received 9-11 sessions of CBT-AD. RESULTSImmediately after acute treatment (4 months), adjusting for baseline, CBT-AD had 20.7 percentage points greater oral medication adherence on electronic pill cap (95% CI 231.14 to 210.22,P = 0.000); 30.2 percentage points greater SMBG adherence through glucometer downloads (95% CI 242.95 to 217.37, P = 0.000); 6.44 points lower depression scores on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (95% CI 2.33-10.56,P = 0.002); 0.74 points lower on the Clinical Global Impression (95% CI 0.16-1.32,P = 0.01); and 0.72 units lower A1C (95% CI 0.29-1.15,P = 0.001) relative to ETAU.Analyses of 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-up time points indicated that CBT-AD maintained 24.3 percentage points higher medication adherence (95% CI 238.2 to 210.3, P = 0.001); 16.9 percentage points greater SMBG adherence (95% CI 233.3 to 20.5, P = 0.043); and 0.63 units lower A1C (95% CI 0.06-1.2,P = 0.03) after acute treatment ended.For depression, there was some evidence of continued improvement posttreatment, but no between-group differences. CONCLUSIONSCBT-AD is an effective intervention for adherence, depression, and glycemic control, with enduring and clinically meaningful benefits for diabetes selfmanagement and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes and depression.