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Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures

2004; SAGE Publishing; Volume: 35; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1177/0022022104268388

1552-5422

Michael Harris Bond, Kwok Leung, Al K. C. Au, Kwok Kit Tong, Sharon Reimel de Carrasquel, Fumio Murakami, Susumu Yamaguchi, Günter Bierbrauer, Theodore M. Singelis, Markus Broer, Filip Boen, Sophie Lambert, Maria Cristina Ferreira, Kimberly A. Noels, Jay Van Bavel, Saba Safdar, Jianxin Zhang, Lina Chen, Iva Šolcová, Iva Stetovska, Toomas Niit, Kaisa‐Kitri Niit, Helena Hurme, Mia Böling, Vijé Franchi, Guguli Magradze, Nino Javakhishvili, Klaus Boehnke, Edgar Klinger, Xu Huang, Márta Fülöp, Mihály Berkics, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Sujata Sriram, Nandita Chaudhary, Anjali Ghosh, Neharika Vohra, Dien Fakhri Iqbal, Jenny Kurman, Ram Thein, Anna Laura Comunian, Kyung Son, Ivars Austers, Charles Harb, Joseph O. T. Odusanya, Zainal A. Ahmed, Rosnah Ismail, Fons van deVijver, Colleen Ward, Andrew Mogaji, David L. Sam, Muhammad Jahan Zeb Khan, William Cabanillas-Rojas, Ly Sycip, Félix Neto, Rosa Cabecinhas, Paulo Ramón Suárez Xavier, Margareta Dincă, Надежда Лебедева, Andrianna Viskochil, О. Я. Пономарева, Steven M. Burgess, Luís Oceja, Silvia Campo, Kwang‐Kuo Hwang, June Bernadette D’souza, Bilge Ataca, Adrian Furnham, J. Rees Lewis,

Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment

Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across individuals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and conservatism and with national indices indicative of lower social development. Societal Cynicism is less strongly and broadly correlated with previous values measures or other national indices and seems to define a novel cultural syndrome. Its national correlates suggest that it taps the cognitive component of a cultural constellation labeled maleficence, a cultural syndrome associated with a general mistrust of social systems and other people. Discussion focused on the meaning of these national level factors of beliefs and on their relationships with individual level factors of belief derived from the same data set.