Electrochemical behaviour of the tin anode in alkaline-stannate plating baths
1986; Elsevier BV; Volume: 27; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/0257-8972(86)90102-7
ISSN1879-3347
AutoresS.S.Abd El Rahim, A. El Sayed, A. A. El Samahi,
Tópico(s)Semiconductor materials and devices
ResumoIn order to determine the conditions for tin plating, the anodic oxidation and passivation of tin have been investigated in sodium stannate solution in the absence and in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Both galvano-static and potentiostatic techniques were used. It was found that the passivation of this electrode is a complex process consisting of several steps. The passivation time increases with increasing stannate concentration and with decreasing current density. Addition of sodium hydroxide to the bath increases the passivation time. At low current densities and high alkali concentrations, passivation does not occur and the anode remains active and dissolves continuously as stannite. X-ray diffraction and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) examination confirmed the existence of tin(II) and tin(IV) oxides and hydroxides in the passive films formed potentiostatically in sodium stannate solutions in the absence and in the presence of sodium hydroxide.
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