In the Travail of the Cosmos: God and Suffering in the Evolving Universe
2015; Wiley; Volume: 58; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/heyj.12265
ISSN1468-2265
Autores Tópico(s)Pentecostalism and Christianity Studies
ResumoThe Heythrop JournalVolume 58, Issue 1 p. 91-107 ARTICLE In the Travail of the Cosmos: God and Suffering in the Evolving Universe Gloria L. Schaab, Gloria L. Schaab Barry University Miami, FL, USASearch for more papers by this author Gloria L. Schaab, Gloria L. Schaab Barry University Miami, FL, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 April 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/heyj.12265Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Notes 1 Arthur Peacocke, ‘Theology and Science Today,’ in Cosmos and Creation: Science and Theology in Consonance, ed. Ted Peters (Nashville: Abingdon, 1989), p. 30. 2 Brian Swimme and Thomas Berry, The Universe Story: From the Primordial Flaring Forth to the Ecozoic Era - A Celebration of the Unfolding of the Cosmos (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1994), p. 7. 3 Pope John Paul II, ‘A Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences: On Evolution,’ October 22, 1996, Eternal Word Television Network; available from http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/JP961022.HTM. 4 Pope Francis, ‘Francis Inaugurates Bust of Benedict, Emphasizes Unity of Faith, Science,’ October 27, 2014, Catholic News Agency; available from http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/francis-inaugurates-bust-of-benedict-emphasizes-stewardship-43494/. 5 Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life [book online] (London: John Murray, 1872); available from http://www.literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-origin-of-species-6th-edition/. 6Ibid., http://www.literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-origin-of-species-6th-edition/preface.html. 7Ibid., http://www.literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-origin-of-species-6th-edition/introduction.html. 8Ibid., http://www.literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-origin-of-species-6th-edition/chapter-03.html. 9 Arthur Peacocke, Paths from Science Towards God: The End of all our Exploring (Oxford: Oneworld, 2002), p. 83. 10 John Polkinghorne, Science and Providence: God's Interaction with the World (Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation, Press, 2005), pp. 77-78. 11 Arthur Peacocke, ‘God as the Creator of the World of Science,’ in Interpreting the Universe as Creation, ed. V. Brummer (Kampen, Netherlands: Kok Pharos, 1991), p. 103. 12 Kenneth Denbigh, An Inventive Universe (London: Hutchinson, 1975), p. 156. 13 Arthur Peacocke, Creation and the World of Science: The Bampton Lectures 1978 (CWS) (Oxford: Clarendon, 1979), pp. 90 – 93. 14 Julian Huxley, Evolution in Action (Middlesex: Penguin, 1963), pp. 43 – 44. 15 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man (New York: Harper & Row, 1959), p. 294. 16 Jeffrey Pugh, Entertaining the Triune Mystery: God, Science, and the Space Between (Harrisburg, PA: Trinity, 2003), p. 53. 17See Stephen Hawking, ‘Does God Play Dice?’ Stephen Hawking: The Official Website; available from http://www.hawking.org.uk/does-god-play-dice.html. An exhibit by the American Institute of Physics Center for History of Physics reports that ‘Einstein liked inventing phrases such as ‘God does not play dice,’ ‘The Lord is subtle but not malicious’. On one occasion [physicist Neils] Bohr answered, ‘Einstein, stop telling God what to do’’. See http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/ae63.htm. 18 James Gleick, Chaos: Making a New Science (New York: Penguin Books, 1987), p. 314. 19 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man, trans. Benjamin Wall (Harper & Row, 1975), 301: ‘Reduced to its ultimate essence, the substance of these long pages can be summed up in this simple affirmation : that if the universe, regarded sidereally, is in process of spatial expansion (from the infinitesimal to the immense), in the same way and still more clearly it presents itself to us, physico-chemically, as in process of organic involution upon itself (from the extremely simple to the extremely complex), ---and, moreover, this particular involution ‘of complexity’ is experimentally bound up with a correlative increase in interiorisation, that is to say in the psyche or consciousness.’ 20 Teilhard de Chardin, Christianity and Evolution (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971), p. 85. 21 Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man, p. 302. 22 Harold Kushner, When Bad Things Happen to Good People (New York: Avon, 1981), p. 46. 23Ibid., p. 55. 24 Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources, The Impacts of Natural Disasters: A Framework for Loss Estimation (Washington, DC; National Academies Press, 1999), p. 55. 25 Arthur R. Peacocke, ‘ The Challenge and Stimulus of the Epic of Evolution to Theology,’ in Many Worlds, edited by Stephen Dick (Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation, 2000), p. 106, emphasis in the original. 26 Teilhard de Chardin, Christianity and Evolution, p. 134. 27 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, in From Science to Theology: An Essay on Teilhard de Chardin by Georges Crespy (New York: Abingdon Press, 1968), p. 99, emphasis in the original. 28 Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man, pp. 311-312. 29 Arthur Peacocke, Theology for a Scientific Age: Being and Becoming: Natural, Divine and Human (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1993), p. 126. 30 John Polkinghorne, ‘ Kenotic Creation and Divine Action,’ in The Work of Love: Creation as Kenosis, edited by John Polkinghorne (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001), p. 94. 31Ibid. 32Ibid., p. 95. 33Ibid., p. 104. 34This position has been recognized and developed by a variety of Christian theologians such as Arthur Peacocke, Jürgen Moltmann, Denis Edwards, Keith Ward, and Gloria Schaab, among others. 35Polkinghorne, ‘Kenotic Creation and Divine Action,’ p. 103. 36Ibid. 37Polkinghorne, Science and Providence, p. 78. 38Polkinghorne, ‘Kenotic Creation and Divine Action,’ p. 104. 39 Thomas Aquinas, Summa Contra Gentiles, trans. Vernon J. Bourke (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1975), III.67. 40Polkinghorne, ‘Kenotic Creation and Divine Action,’ p. 104. 41Ibid., p. 105. 42Ibid. 43Polkinghorne, Science and Providence, p. 79. 44Science would point to the initial singularity as the cause through which the space-time-matter-energy universe had its beginning about 14 billion years ago. Theists point to God as Creator. 45 Ron Highfield, ‘Divine Self-Limitation in the Theology of Jürgen Moltmann: A Critical Appraisal,’ Christian Scholar's Review, 32 (2002), pp. 47-71 at p. 63. 46Peacocke, Theology in a Scientific Age, p. 121. 47 John Polkinghorne, Science and Christian Belief: Reflections of a Bottom-up Thinker (London: SPCK, 1994), p. 81. 48 Arthur Peacocke, Science and the Christian Experiment (London: Oxford, 1971), p. 137. 49Peacocke, Theology in a Scientific Age, p. 124. 50Peacocke, Paths from Science Towards God, pp. 86 – 87. 51Peacocke, ‘The Cost of New Life,’ p. 38, emphasis in the original. 52Ibid., p. 42, italics in the original. The reference to the ‘crucified God’ is, of course, that of Jürgen Moltmann in The Crucified God. 53Peacocke, Theology in a Scientific Age, p. 300. 54These relations between God and creation are reflected in the Nicene Creed, available from http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/. For a fuller discussion of these relations from an evolutionary viewpoint, see my book The Creative Suffering of the Triune God: An Evolutionary Theology (New York: Oxford University, 2007). 55 Elizabeth Johnson, She Who Is: The Mystery of God in Feminist Theological Discourse (New York: Crossroads, 1993), pp. 234-235. 56Peacocke, Paths from Science Towards God, p. 88. 57Johnson, She Who Is, p. 240. 58‘Sympathy’, The Oxford English Dictionary Online; available from http://www.oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary=sympathy&_searchBtn=Search. . 59For a fuller discussion of Shekhinah, see my essay ‘The Power of Divine Presence: Toward a Shekhinah Christology’, in Christology: Memory, Inquiry, Practice edited by Anne M. Clifford and Anthony J. Godzieba (Maryknoll: Orbis, 2003), 92-115. 60 Abraham Heschel, God in Search of Man: A Philosophy of Judaism (New York: Harper&Row, 1955), p. 21. 61Tractate Megillah 29a, in J. Abelson, The Immanence of God in Rabbinic Literature (New York: Hermon, 1969), p. 12. 62‘Empathy’, American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language; available from http://www.bartleby.com/61/58/E0115800.html. 63 Susan Cole, Marion Ronan, and Hal Taussig, Wisdom's Feast (Kansas City, MO: Sheed and Ward, 1996), p. 198. The translation of Wisdom 7:30 is drawn from this text. 64From the Greek protopathos, ‘affected first’ and protopathein, ’to feel first’. See ‘Protopathy,’ The Free Dictionary; available from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/protopathy. 65Johnson, She Who Is, pp. 260 – 261. 66 Arthur Peacocke, ‘ The Cost of New Life,’ in The Work of Love: Creation as Kenosis, edited by John Polkinghorne (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001), p. 37. 67 T. S. Eliot, ‘Burnt Norton,’ Artofeurope.com; available from http://www.artofeurope.com/eliot/eli5.htm. Volume58, Issue1January 2017Pages 91-107 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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