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Species pool structure determines the level of generalism of island parasitoid faunas

2011; Wiley; Volume: 38; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02521.x

1365-2699

Ana M. C. Santos, Donаld L. J. Quicke, Paulo A. V. Borges, Joaquín Hortal,

Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny

Journal of BiogeographyVolume 38, Issue 9 p. 1657-1667 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Species pool structure determines the level of generalism of island parasitoid faunas Ana M. C. Santos, Corresponding Author Ana M. C. Santos Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK Departamento de Ciências Agrárias – CITA-A (Azorean Biodiversity Group), Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João de Ávila, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal Ana M. C. Santos, Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, UFG Campus II, 74001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brazil.E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDonald L. J. Quicke, Donald L. J. Quicke Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorPaulo A. V. Borges, Paulo A. V. Borges Departamento de Ciências Agrárias – CITA-A (Azorean Biodiversity Group), Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João de Ávila, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorJoaquín Hortal, Joaquín Hortal Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this author Ana M. C. Santos, Corresponding Author Ana M. C. Santos Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK Departamento de Ciências Agrárias – CITA-A (Azorean Biodiversity Group), Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João de Ávila, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal Ana M. C. Santos, Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, UFG Campus II, 74001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brazil.E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDonald L. J. Quicke, Donald L. J. Quicke Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorPaulo A. V. Borges, Paulo A. V. Borges Departamento de Ciências Agrárias – CITA-A (Azorean Biodiversity Group), Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João de Ávila, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorJoaquín Hortal, Joaquín Hortal Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 May 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02521.xCitations: 12Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Aim To examine whether island parasitoid faunas are biased towards generalists when compared with the mainland and their species pool, and to evaluate the effects of climate, island characteristics and regional factors on the relative proportions of idiobionts (i.e. generalists) and koinobionts (i.e. specialists) of two parasitic wasp families, Braconidae and Ichneumonidae. Location Seventy-three archipelagos distributed world-wide. Methods We used data on the distribution and biology obtained from a digital catalogue and several literature sources. We related level of generalism, measured as the ratio between the number of idiobiont and koinobiont species, to climatic, physiographic and regional factors using generalized linear models. We compared models by means of Akaike weighting, and evaluated the spatial structure of their residuals. We used partial regressions to determine whether the final models account for all latitudinal structure in the level of generalism. Results Islands host comparatively more idiobionts than continental areas. Although there is a latitudinal gradient in the level of generalism of island faunas correlating with both environmental factors and island characteristics, the most important determinant of island community structure is their source pool. This effect is stronger for ichneumonids, where generalism is higher in the Indomalayan region, arguably due to the higher diversity of endophytic hosts in its large rain forests. Main conclusions The level of generalism of island parasitoid faunas is largely constrained by regional factors, namely by the structure of the species pool, which emphasizes the importance of including regional processes in our understanding of the functioning of ecological communities. The fact that generalist species are more predominant in islands with a large cover of rain forests pinpoints the importance of the indirect effects of ecological requirements on community structure, highlighting the complex nature of geographical gradients of diversity. Citing Literature Supporting Information Appendix S1 Supplementary tables: source pool and life-history trait data (Tables S1–S3). Appendix S2 Additional statistical analyses (Tables S4–S6). Appendix S3 Correlograms for the level of generalism (measured as log I/K ratio) and the residuals of the final model. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer-reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Filename Description JBI_2521_sm_AppS1.doc238.5 KB Supporting info item JBI_2521_sm_AppS2.doc223.5 KB Supporting info item JBI_2521_sm_AppS3.doc58.5 KB Supporting info item Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Volume38, Issue9September 2011Pages 1657-1667 RelatedInformation