Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Heparins and Heparinoids: Occurrence, Structure and Mechanism of Antithrombotic and Hemorrhagic Activities
2004; Bentham Science Publishers; Volume: 10; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2174/1381612043452758
ISSN1873-4286
AutoresHelena B. Nader, Carla Cristina Lopes, Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha, Elizeu Antunes dos Santos, Carl P. Dietrich,
Tópico(s)Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
ResumoThe correlation between structure, anticloting, antithrombotic and hemorrhagic activities of heparin, heparan sulfate, low molecular weight heparins and heparin-like compounds from various sources that are in used in clinical practice or under development is briefly reviewed. Heparin-like molecules composed exclusively of iduronic acid 2-O-sulfate residues have weak anticloting activities, whereas molecules that contain both iduronic acid 2-O sulfate, iduronic acid and small amounts of glucuronic acid, such as heparin, or mixed amounts of glucuronic and iduronic acids (mollusk heparins) possess high anticloting and anti-Xa activities. These results also suggest that a proper combination of these elements might produce a strong antithrombotic agent. Heparin isolated from shrimp mimics the pharmacological activities of low molecular weight heparins. A heparan sulfate derived from bovine pancreas and a sulfated fucan from brown algae have a potent antithrombotic activity in arterial and venous thrombosis model "in vivo" with a negligible activity upon the serine-proteases of the coagulation cascade "in vitro". These and other results led to the hypothesis that antithrombotic activity of heparin and other antithrombotic agents is due at least in part by their action on endothelial cells stimulating the synthesis of an antithrombotic heparan sulfate. All the antithrombotic agents derived from heparin and other heparinoids have hemorrhagic activity. Exceptions to this are a heparan sulfate from bovine pancreas and a sulfated fucan derived from brown algae, which have no hemorrhagic activity but have high antithrombotic activities "in vivo". Once the structure of these compounds are totally defined it will be possible to design an ideal antithrombotic. Keywords: heparins, occurrence and structural variability, anticloting and hemorrhagic activity
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