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The Genome of Anopheles darlingi , the main neotropical malaria vector

2013; Oxford University Press; Volume: 41; Issue: 15 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/nar/gkt484

1362-4962

Osvaldo Marinotti, Gustavo Cerqueira, Luiz Gonzaga Paula de Almeida, Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro, Élgion L. S. Loreto, Arnaldo Zaha, Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira, Adam R. Wespiser, Alexandre de Almeida e Silva, Aline Daiane Schlindwein, Ana Carolina Landim Pacheco, Artur Silva, Brenton R. Graveley, Brian P. Walenz, Bruna de Araújo Lima, Carlos Ribeiro, Carlos Gustavo Nunes-Silva, Carlos Roberto Carvalho, Célia Maria de Almeida Soares, Cláudia Beatriz Afonso de Menezes, Cleverson C. Matiolli, Daniel R. Caffrey, Demétrius A. M. Araújo, Diana Oliveira, Douglas T. Golenbock, Edmundo C. Grisard, Fabiana Fantinatti‐Garboggini, Filomena Marino Carvalho, Fernando Gomes Barcellos, Francisco Prosdocimi, Gemma E. May, Gilson Martins de Azevedo, Giselle Moura Guimarães-Marques, Gustavo H. Goldman, Itácio Queiroz de Mello Padilha, Jacqueline da Silva Batista, Jesus Aparecido Ferro, José M. C. Ribeiro, Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto, Karina Maia Dabbas, Louise Cerdeira, Lucymara Fassarella Agnez‐Lima, Marcelo Brocchi, Marcos Oliveira de Carvalho, Marcus de Melo Teixeira, Maria de Mascena Diniz Maia, Maria Helena S. Goldman, Maria Paula Cruz Schneider, Maria Sueli Soares Felipe, Mariangela Hungría, Marisa Fabiana Nicolás, Maristela Pereira, Martín Alejandro Montes, Maurício Egídio Cantão, Michel Vincentz, Míriam Silva Rafael, Neal Silverman, Patrícia Hermes Stoco, Rangel Celso Souza, Renato Vicentini, Ricardo T. Gazzinelli, Rogério de Oliveira Neves, Rosane Silva, Spartaco Astolfi‐Filho, Talles Eduardo Ferreira Maciel, Turán P. Ürményi, Wanderli Pedro Tadei, Erney P. Camargo, Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos,

Insect Resistance and Genetics

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vector-human and vector-parasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles-darlingi.