The mole theory: primary function of melanocytes and melanin may be antimicrobial defense and immunomodulation (not solar protection)
2005; Wiley; Volume: 44; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02556.x
ISSN1365-4632
AutoresCraig G. Burkhart, Craig N. Burkhart,
Tópico(s)Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
ResumoInternational Journal of DermatologyVolume 44, Issue 4 p. 340-342 The mole theory: primary function of melanocytes and melanin may be antimicrobial defense and immunomodulation (not solar protection) Craig G. Burkhart MPH, MD, Corresponding Author Craig G. Burkhart MPH, MD From the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and Medical College of Ohio, Sylvania, Ohio Craig G. Burkhart, mph, md Medical College of Ohio 5600 Monroe Street Suite 106B Sylvania, OH 43560 E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorCraig N. Burkhart MSBS, MD, Craig N. Burkhart MSBS, MD From the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and Medical College of Ohio, Sylvania, OhioSearch for more papers by this author Craig G. Burkhart MPH, MD, Corresponding Author Craig G. Burkhart MPH, MD From the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and Medical College of Ohio, Sylvania, Ohio Craig G. Burkhart, mph, md Medical College of Ohio 5600 Monroe Street Suite 106B Sylvania, OH 43560 E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorCraig N. Burkhart MSBS, MD, Craig N. Burkhart MSBS, MD From the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and Medical College of Ohio, Sylvania, OhioSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 January 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02556.xCitations: 54Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Robins AH. Biological Perspectives on Human Pigmentation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 2 Mackintosh JA. The antimicrobial properties of melanocytes, melanosomes, and melanin and the evolution of black skin. J Theor Biol 2001; 211: 101–113. 3 Eckhart L, Bach J, Ban J, et al. Melanin binds reversibly to thermostable DNA polymerase and inhibits its activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 271: 726–730. 4 Rosas AL, Nosanchuk JD, Gomez BL, et al. Isolation and serological analyses of fungal melanins. J Immunol Methods 2000; 244: 69–80. 5 Fogarty RV, Tobin JM. Fungal melanins and their interactions with metals. Enzyme Microb Tech 1996; 19: 311–317. 6 Riley PA. Molecules in focus: melanin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1997; 29: 1235–1239. 7 Hill HZ. The function of melanin or six blind people examine an elephant. Bioessays 1992; 14: 49–56. 8 Wiens M, Koziol C, Batel R, et al. Phenylalanine hydroxylase from the sponge Geodia cydonium: implication for allorecognition and evolution of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Dev Comp Immunol 1998; 22: 469–478. 9 Avramidis N, Kourounakis A, Hadjipetrou L, et al. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of grape melanin. Arzneimittel-Forschung 1998; 48: 764–771. 10 Papa CM, Kligman AM. The behavior of melanocytes in inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 1965; 45: 465–474. 11 Nosanchuk JD, Casadevall A. The contribution of melanin to microbial pathogenesis. Cellular Microbiol 2003; 5: 203–223. 12 Barluzzi R, Brozzetti A, Mariucci G, et al. Establishment of protective immunity against cerebral cryptococcosis by means of an avirulent, non melanogenic Cryptococcus neoformans strain. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 109: 75–86. 13 Yu X, Jiang H, Wang Y, et al. Nonproteolytic serine proteinase homologs are involved in prophenoloxidase activation in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 33: 197–208. 14 Boman HG, Hultmark D. Cell-free immunity in insects. Annu Rev Microbiol 1987; 41: 103–126. 15 Ma C, Kanost MR. A beta 1,3-glucan recognition protein from an insect, Manduca sexta, agglutinates microorganisms and activates the phenoloxidase cascade. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 7505–7514. 16 Chase MR, Raina K, Bruno J, et al. Purification, characterization and molecular cloning of prophenoloxidases from Sarcophaga bullata. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 30: 953–967. 17 Gillespie JP, Kanost MR, Trenczek T. Biological mediators of insect immunity. Annu Rev Entomol 1997; 42: 611–643. 18 Sugumaran M. Role of insect cuticle in immunity. In: K Soderhall, S Iwanaga, G Vastha, eds. New Directions in Invertebrate Immunology. Fair Haven, NJ: SOS Publications, 1996: 355–374. 19 Rosas AL, MacGill RS, Nosanchuk JD, et al. Activation of the alternative complement pathway by fungal melanins. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002; 9: 144–148. 20 Gomez BL, Nosanchuk JD. Melanin and fungi. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2003; 16: 91–96. 21 LePoole IC, VanDenWungaard RM, Westerhof W, et al. Phagocytosis by normal human melanocytes in vitro. Exp Cell Res 1993; 205: 388–395. 22 McMenamin PG, Lee WR. Ultrastructural pathology of melanomalytic glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 1986; 70: 895–906. 23 Borovansky J, Hach P. Disparate behavior of two melanosomal enzymes (alpha-mannosidase and gamma-glutamyltransferase). Cell Mol Biol 1999; 45: 1047–1052. 24 Dell-Angelica EC, Mullins C, Caplan S, et al. Lysosome-related organelles. FASEB 2000; 14: 1265–1278. 25 Verlaet M, Adamantidis A, Coumans B, et al. Human immune cells express ppMCH mRNA and functional MCHR1 receptor. FEBS Lett 2002; 527: 205–210. 26 Gonzalez MI, Baker BI, Wilson CA. Stimulatory effect of melanin-concentrating hormone on luteinising hormone release. Neuroendocrinology 1997; 66: 254–262. 27 Yasmoto K, Watabe H, Valencia JC, et al. Epitope mapping of the melanosomal matrix protein gp100 (PMEL17): rapid processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and glycosylation in the early Golgi compartment. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 28,330–28,338. 28 Duke-Cohan JS, Tang W, Schlossman SF. Attractin: a club-family protease involved in T cell–monocyte/macrophage interactions. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 477: 173–185. 29 Kalden DH, Scholzen T, Brzoska T, et al. Mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-MSH. Role of transcription factor NF-kappa B and adhesion molecule expression. Ann NY Acad Sci 1999; 885: 254–261. 30 Tsatmali M, Graham A, Szatkowski D, et al. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone modulates nitric oxide production in melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 114: 520–526. 31 Foster E, Kirnbauer R, Urbanksi S, et al. Human melanoma cells produce interleukin 8 which functions as an autocrine growth factor. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 96: 608. 32 Wakamatsu K, Graham AC, Thody AJ. Characterization of ACTH peptides in human skin and their activation of the melanocortin-1 receptor. Pigment Cell Res 1997; 10: 288–297. 33 Iyenger B, Misra RS. Reaction of dendritic melanocytes in vitiligo to the substrates of tyrosine metabolism. Act Anat 1987; 129: 203–205. 34 Johansson O, Liu PY, Bondesson L, et al. A serotonin-like immunoreactivity is present in human cutaneous melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 111: 1010–1014. 35 Tsatmali M, Ancans J, Thody AJ. Melanocyte function and its control by melanocortin peptides. J Histochem Cytochem 2002; 50: 125–133. 36 Yoshida M, Takahashi Y, Shintaro I. Histamine induces melanogenesis and morphologic changes by protein kinase A activation via H2 receptors in human normal melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 114: 334–342. Citing Literature Volume44, Issue4April 2005Pages 340-342 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)