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Trading Away the Ladder? Trade Politics and Economic Development in the Americas

2008; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 13; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/13563460701859686

1469-9923

Kevin P. Gallagher,

Global trade and economics

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. World Bank, Global Economic Prospects: Trade, Regionalism, and Development (Washington, World Bank, Table 1 is from 2005); Robert Devlin & Antoni Estevadeordal, 'Trade and Cooperation: A Regional Public Goods Approach', in Antoni Estevadeordal, Brian Frantz & Tam Robery Nguyen (eds), Regional Public Goods: From theory to Practice (Inter-American Development Bank, 2004), pp. 3–31. 2. Ha-Joon Chang, Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective (Anthem Press, 2002). 3. For a critical assessment of these models see Frank Ackerman, 'The Shrinking Gains from Trade: A Critical Assessment of Doha Round Projections', GDAE Working Paper 05-01, Tufts University, 2005. 4. World Bank, Global Economic Prospects, p. 128. 5. Carsten Kowalcyk & Ronald J. Wonnacott, 'Hubs and Spokes, and Free Trade in the Americas', National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper No. 4198, 2002. 6. James Stanford, 'Economic Models and Economic Reality', International Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 33, No. 3 (2003), pp. 28–49. 7. Arvind Panagariya, 'The Regionalism Debate: An Overview', The World Economy, Vol. 22, No. 4 (1999), pp. 477–511. 8. Richard Lipsey & Kelvin Lancaster, 'The General Theory of Second Best', Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 24, No. 3 (1956), pp. 11–32. 9. Carsten Kowalcyk, 'Trade Negotiations and World Welfare', American Economic Review, Vol. 79, No. 3 (1989), pp. 552–9; Carsten Kowalcyk, 'Reforming Tariffs and Subsidies in International Trade', Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2002), pp. 305–18. 10. Alice Amsden, 'A Theory of Government Intervention in Late Industrialization', in Louis Putterman & Dietrich Rueschmeyer (eds), State and Market in Development: Synergy or Rivalry? (Lynne Rienner, 2002), pp. 53–84; see also Chang, Kicking Away the Ladder; and Dani Rodrik, One Economics, Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions and Economic Growth (Princeton University Press, 2007). 11. For useful full-length treatments of development in this region and the use of state policy tools, see Alice Amsden, The Rise of the Rest: Challenges to the West from Late Industrializing Countries (Oxford University Press, 2001); World Bank, The East Asian Miracle (World Bank, 1993); Robert Wade, Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization, 2nd edn (Princeton University Press, 2004); and Linsu Kim & Richard Nelson, Technology, Learning, and Innovation: Experiences of Newly Industrializing Economies (Cambridge University Press, 2000). 12. See Amsden, The Rise of the Rest; World Bank, The East Asian Miracle; and Nagesh Kumar & Kevin P. Gallagher, 'Relevance of Policy Space for Development: Implications for Multilateral Trade Negotiations', Research and Information Systems (RIS) for Developing Countries, Discussion Paper No. 120, New Delhi 2007. 13. Shadlen, 'Exchanging Development for Market Access?' 14. Kevin P. Gallagher, 'Understanding Developing Country Resistance to the Doha Round', Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2008, pp. 62–85. 15. Wilson Peres, 'The Slow Comeback of Industrial Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean', CEPAL Review, Vol. 88 (2006), 67–83. 16. Andrew Melo, 'Industrial Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean at the Turn of the Century', Inter-American Development Bank Research, Department Working Paper No. 459, 2001; Andrew Schrank & Marcus Kurtz, 'Credit Where Credit is Due: Open Economy Industrial Policy and Export Diversification in Latin America and the Caribbean', Politics and Society, Vol. 33, No. 4 (2005), pp. 671–702. 17. Shadlen, 'Exchanging Development for Market Access?', p. 767. 18. See Kenneth Shadlen, 'Policy Space for Development in the WTO and Beyond: The Case of Intellectual Property Rights', GDAE Working Paper 05-06, Tufts University, 2005, p. 27. 19. Shadlen, 'Exchanging Market Access for Development?' 20. Oxfam International, All Costs, No Benefits: How TRIPS-plus Intellectual Property Rules in the US–Jordan FTA Affect Access to Medicines (Oxfam International, 2007), p. 2. 21. Shubham Chaudhuri, Pinelopi Goldberg & Panle Jia, 'Estimating the Effects of Global Patent Protection in Pharmaceuticals: A Case Study of Quinolones in India', American Economic Review, Vol. 96, No. 5 (2006), pp. 1477–1514. 22. Paul Alexander Haslam, 'BITing Back: Bilateral Investment Treaties and the Struggle to Define an Investment Regime for the Americas', Policy and Society, Vol. 24, No. 3 (2004), pp. 91–112. 23. Center for Policy Alternatives, NAFTA Chapter-11 Investor–State Disputes (CPR, 2004). 24. Kim & Nelson, Technology, Innovation, and Learning. 25. C. Alan Winters, Terrie C. Walmsley, Zhen Kun Wang a Roman Grynberg. 'Liberalizing Temporary Movement of Natural Persons: An Agenda for the Development Round', The World Economy, Vol. 26, No. 8 (2003), pp. 1137–61. 26. See Rodrik, One Economics: Many Recipes. 27. Kenneth Shadlen, 'Latin American Trade and Development in the New International Economy', Latin American Research Review, Vol. 41, No. 3 (2006), pp. 210–21. 28. Strom Thacker, Big Business, The State, and Free Trade: Constructing Coalitions in Mexico (Cambridge University Press, 2001). 29. Robert Zoellick, USTR 2005 Trade Policy Agenda (United States Trade Representative, Government Printing Office, 2004). 30. Lloyd Gruber, 'Power Politics and the Free Trade Bandwagon', Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 34, No. 7 (2001), pp. 730–41; Terry Moe, 'Power and Political Institutions', Perspectives on Politics, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2005), pp. 215–33; Kenneth Shadlen, 'Globalization, Power, and Integration: The Political Economy of Regional and Bilateral Trade Agreements in the Americas', Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 44, No. 2 (2008), pp. 1–20. 31. Nicola Phillips, 'U.S. Power and the Politics of Economic Governance in the Americas', Latin American Politics and Society, Vol. 47, No. 4 (2005), p. 3. 32. Amrita Narlikar & Diana Tussie, 'The G20 at the Cancun Ministerial: Developing Countries and their Evolving Coalitions in the WTO', The World Economy, Vol. 27, No. 7 (2004), pp. 947–66. 33. Phillips, 'U.S. Power', p 9. 34. Haslam, 'BITing Back'. 35. Amsden, 'Theory of Government Intervention'. 36. Shadlen, 'Globalization, Power, and Integration'. 37. Jose Salazar-Xirinachs, 'The Proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements in the Americas: An Assessment of Key Issues', in Vinod K. Aggarwal, Ralph Espach & Joseph Tulchin (eds), The Strategic Dynamics of Latin American Trade (Stanford University Press, 2004). 38. Thacker, Big Business, the State, and Free Trade; Kenneth Shadlen, Democratization without Representation: The Politics of Small Industry in Mexico (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004); and Carol Wise & Manuel Pastor, 'The Origins and Sustainability of Mexico's Free Trade Policy', International Organization, Vol. 48, No. 3 (1994), pp. 459–489. 39. Judith Goldstein & Robert Keohane, 'Ideas and Foreign Policy: An Analytical Framework', in Judith Goldstein & Robert Keohane (eds), Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change (Cornell University Press, 1993), pp. 3–30. 40. Jorge Dominguez, Technopols: Freeing Politics and Markets in Latin America in the 1990s (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997), p. 26. 41. Sarah Babb, Managing Mexico: Economists from Nationalism to Neoliberalism (Princeton University Press, 2001). 42. Thacker, Big Business, the State, and Free Trade.