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MRg: A Magnitude Scale for 1 s Rayleigh Waves at Local Distances with Focus on Yield Estimation

2013; Seismological Society of America; Volume: 103; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1785/0120130067

1943-3573

J. L. Bonner, D. R. Russell,

earthquake and tectonic studies

Yield estimation of small explosions at local distances represents a challenge for the nuclear explosion monitoring community. We have examined the feasibility of using short‐period surface‐wave magnitudes, called ![Graphic][1] , to estimate explosion yields at local distances ( . We have also incorporated multiple excitation corrections for ![Graphic][3] based on the near‐source seismic velocities, which greatly affect the source‐region amplitudes for ![Graphic][4] . It is important to note that in the formula the excitation is estimated from the measured ![Graphic][5] group velocity. We have also derived a new Butterworth filter cutout definition for filtering ![Graphic][6] near 1 s period at distances between 2 and 100 km. We used the new formula to estimate ![Graphic][7] for 39 small (37≤ Y ≤12,270  kg TNT equivalent) and shallow ( for chemical explosions with Y (assuming factor of 2 equivalence between chemical and nuclear) to nuclear explosions detonated at the Degelen and Shagan, Kazakhstan, test sites. The estimated yields based on ![Graphic][10] magnitudes were often within 20% of the true yield and had smaller F factor than the estimated yields for United States chemical explosions. Online Material: Tables of event information and ![Graphic][11] estimates. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-7.gif [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-8.gif [9]: /embed/inline-graphic-9.gif [10]: /embed/inline-graphic-10.gif [11]: /embed/inline-graphic-11.gif