Revisão Revisado por pares

Coronary artery stenting

2002; Wiley; Volume: 56; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/ccd.10209

ISSN

1522-726X

Autores

Dale T. Ashby, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran, Martin B. Leon,

Tópico(s)

Coronary Artery Anomalies

Resumo

Catheterization and Cardiovascular InterventionsVolume 56, Issue 1 p. 83-102 Board Review Coronary artery stenting Dale T. Ashby MBBS, PhD, Dale T. Ashby MBBS, PhD Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute, New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this authorGeorge Dangas MD, PhD, Corresponding Author George Dangas MD, PhD [email protected] Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute, New York, New YorkCardiovascular Research Foundation, 55 East 59th Street, 6th Floor, New York, New York, 10022Search for more papers by this authorRoxana Mehran MD, Roxana Mehran MD Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute, New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this authorMartin B. Leon MD, Martin B. Leon MD Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute, New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author Dale T. Ashby MBBS, PhD, Dale T. Ashby MBBS, PhD Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute, New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this authorGeorge Dangas MD, PhD, Corresponding Author George Dangas MD, PhD [email protected] Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute, New York, New YorkCardiovascular Research Foundation, 55 East 59th Street, 6th Floor, New York, New York, 10022Search for more papers by this authorRoxana Mehran MD, Roxana Mehran MD Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute, New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this authorMartin B. Leon MD, Martin B. Leon MD Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute, New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 April 2002 https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.10209Citations: 9Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL REFERENCES 1 Gruentzig AR, Myler RK, Hanna EH, Turina MI. Coronary transluminal angioplasty. Circulation 1977; 55–56 (Suppl III): III84. 2 Fischman D, Leon M, Baim D, Schatz R, Savage M, Penn I, Detre K, Veltri L, Ricci D, Nobuyoshi M, Clemen M, Heuser R, Almond D, Teristein P, Fish RD, Colombo A, Brinker J, Moses, Shaknovich A, Hirshfeld J, Bailey S, Ellis S, Rake R, Goldberg S, for the Stent Restenosis Study Investigators. A randomized comparison of coronary stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 496– 501. 3 Serruys P, de Jaegere P, Kiemeneji F, Macaya C, Rutsch W, Heyndrickx G, Emanuelsson H, Marco J, Legrand V, Materne P, Belardi J, Sigwart U, Colombo A, Goy JJ, van den Heuvel P, Delcan J, Morel M, for the Benestent Study Group. A comparison of balloon expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 489– 495. 4 Peterson ED, Lansky AJ, Anstrom KJ, Muhlbaier LH, Popma JJ, Satler LF, Lanzilotta MJ. Evolving trends in interventional device use and outcomes: results from the National Cardiovascular Network (NCN) database. Am Heart J 2000; 139: 198– 207. 5 Faxon DP, Williams DO, Yeh W, Mehra A, Holubkov R, Detre K. Improved hospital outcome with expanded use of coronary stents: results from NHBLI Dynamic Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33( Suppl A): 91A. 6 MacIsaac AI, Ellis SG, Muller DW, Topol EJ, Whitlow PL. Comparison of three coronary stents: clinical and angiographic outcome after elective placement in 134 consecutive patients. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1994; 33: 199– 204. 7 Lansky AJ, Roubin GS, O'Shaughnessy CD, Moore PB, Dean LS, Raizner AE, Safian RD, Zidar JP, Kerr JL, Popma JJ, Mehran R, Kuntz RE, Leon MB. Randomized comparison of GR-II stent and Palmaz-Schatz stent for elective treatment of coronary stenoses. Circulation 2000; 102: 1364– 1368. 8 Rau T, Schofer J, Golestani R, Schluter M, Mathey DG. Increased restenosis rate associated with the Microstent compared to the Palmaz Schatz stent in matched coronary lesions. Eur Heart J 1997; 18( Suppl): 157. 9 Nageh T, De Belder AJ, Thomas MR, Williams IL, Wainwright RJ. A randomised trial of endoluminal reconstruction comparing the Nir stent and the Wallstent in angioplasty of long segment coronary disease: results of the RENEWAL study. Am Heart J 2001; 141: 971– 976. 10 Williams IL, Thomas MR, Robinson NM, Wainwright RJ, Jewitt DE. Angiographic and clinical restenosis following the use of long coronary Wallstents. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 1999; 48: 287– 293. 11 Ozaki Y, Keane D, Ruygrok P, van der Giessen WJ, de Feyter P, Serruys PW. Six-month clinical and angiographic outcome of the new, less shortening Wallstent in native coronary arteries. Circulation 1996; 93: 2114– 2120. 12 de Jaegere PP, van Domburg RT, Feyter PJ, Ruygrok PN, van der Giessen WJ, van den Brand MJ, Serruys PW. Long-term clinical outcome after stent implantation in saphenous vein grafts. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 89– 96. 13 Keane D, Buis B, Reifart N, Plokker TH, Ernst JM, Mast EG, Renkin J, Heyndrickx G, Morel M, de Jaegere P, et al. Clinical and angiographic outcome following implantation of the new less shortening Wallstent in aortocoronary vein grafts: introduction of a second generation stent in the clinical arena. J Intervent Cardiol 1994; 7: 557– 564. 14 Kelly PA, Kurbaan AS, Clague JR, Sigwart U. Total Endovascular reconstruction of occluded saphenous vein grafts using coronary or peripheral Wallstents. J Invas Cardiol 1997; 9: 513– 517. 15 Clark DA. Reconstructing diseased vein grafts—great potential raises old issues. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1998; 43: 322. 16 Stefanadis C, Toutouzas K, Tsiamis E, Vlachopoulos C, Kallikazaros I, Stratos C, Vavuranakis M, Toutouzas P. Stents covered by autologous venous grafts: feasibility and immediate and long-term results. Am Heart J 2000; 139: 437– 445. 17 Stefanadis C, Toutouzas K, Tsiamis E, Kallikazaros I, Stratos C, Vlachopoulos C, Vavuranakis M, Toutouzas P. Implantation of stents covered by autologous arterial grafts in human coronary arteries: a new technique. J Invas Cardiol 2000; 12: 7– 12. 18 Campbell PG, Hall JA, Harcombe AA, de Belder MA. The Jomed covered stent for coronary artery aneurysms and acute perforation: a successful device which needs careful deployment and may not reduce restenosis. J Invas Cardiol 2000; 12: 272– 276. 19 Schwartz RS, Huber KC, Murphy JG, Edwards WD, Camrud AR, Vlietstra RE, Holmes DR. Restenosis and the proportional neointimal response to coronary artery injury: results in a porcine model. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 267– 274. 20 Schwartz RS. Animal models of human coronary restenosis. In: EJ Topol, editor. Textbook of interventional cardiology, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1999. p 362– 364. 21 Anderson PG, Bajaj RK, Baxley WA, Roubin GS. Vascular pathology of balloon-expandable flexible coil stents in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 372– 381. 22 Waller BF, Anderson PG. The pathology of various mechanical interventional procedures and devices. In: EJ Topol, editor. Textbook of interventional cardiology, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1999. p 362– 364. 23 Baim DS, Cutlip DE, Midei M, Linnemeier TJ, Schreiber T, Cox D, Kereiakes D, Popma JJ, Robertson L, Prince R, Lansky AJ, Ho KK, Kuntz RE, ASCENT Investigators. Final results of a randomized trial comparing the Multi-Link stent with the Palmaz-Schatz stent for narrowings in native coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 157– 162. 24 Heuser R, Lopez A, Kuntz R, Reduto L, Badger R, Coleman P, Whitlow P, Iannone LA, Safian R, Yeung A, Moses J, the SMART Investigators. The Microstent's ability to limit restenosis trial. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001; 52: 269– 277. 25 Baim DS, Cutlip DE, O'Shaughnessy CD, Hermiller JB, Kereiakes DJ, Giambartolomei A, Katz S, Lansky AJ, Fitzpatrick M, Popma JJ, Ho KK, Leon MB, Kuntz RE, NIRVANA Investigators. Final results of a randomized trial comparing the NIR stent to the Palmaz-Schatz stent for narrowings in native coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 152– 156. 26 Kastrati A, Mehilli J, Dirschinger J, Dotzer F, Neumann FJ, Schuhlen H, Fleckenstein M, Pfafferott C, Schomig A. Intracoronary stenting and angiographic results: strut thickness effect on restenosis outcome (ISAR-STEREO) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37( Suppl A): 85A. 27 Roubin GS, Cannon AD, Agrawal SK, Macander PJ, Dean LS, Baxley WA, Breland J. Intracoronary stenting for acute and threatened closure complicating transluminal coronary angioplasty. Circulation 1992; 85: 916– 927. 28 Schömig A, Kastrati A, Mudra H, Blasini R, Schuhlen H. Klauss V, Richardt G, Newmann FJ. Four year experience with Palmaz-Schatz stenting in coronary angioplasty complicated by dissection with threatened or present vessel closure. Circulation 1994; 90: 2716– 2724. 29 George BS, Voorhees WD, Roubin GS, Fearnot NE, Pinkerton CA, Raizner AE, King SK, Holmes DR, Topol EJ, Kereiakes DJ. Multicenter investigation of coronary stenting to treat acute or threatened closure after percutaneous coronary angioplasty: clinical and angiographic outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 135– 143. 30 Kiemeneij F, Serruys PW, Macaya C, Rutsch W, Heyndrickx G, Albertsson P, Fajadet J, Legrand V, Materne P, Belardi J, Sigwart U, Colombo A, Goy JJ, Disco CM, Morel MA. Continued benefit of coronary stenting versus balloon angioplasty: five-year clinical follow-up of Benestent-I trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 1598– 1603. 31 Kong DF, Hasselblad V, Tcheng JE, Ohman EM, Topol EJ, Califf RM. Clinical outcome improvements from coronary stenting: a systemic overview. Eur Heart J 1998; 19: 571. 32 Wong P, Lau KW, Lim YL, Oesterle SN. Stent placement for non-STRESS/BENESTENT lesions: a critical review. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2000; 51: 223– 233. 33 Mintz GS, Hoffmann R, Mehran R, Pichard AD, Kent KM, Satler LF, Popma JJ, Leon MB. In-stent restenosis: the Washington Hospital Center experience. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 7E– 13E. 34 Gershlink AH, Baron J. Dealing with in-stent restenosis. Heart 1998; 79: 319– 323. 35 Mehran R, Mintz GS, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Hong MK, Hoffman R, DeForty D, Morgan C, Griffin J, Leon MB. Impact of vessel wall injury on in-stent restenosis: a serial quantitative angiographic and intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 1996; 94: 8( Suppl A): 1535. 36 Mehran R, Dangas G, Abizaid AS, Mintz GS, Lansky AJ, Satler LF, Pichard AD, Kent KM, Stone GW, Leon MB. Angiographic patterns of in-stent restenosis: classification and implications for long-term outcome. Circulation 1999; 100: 1872– 1878. 37 Mehran R, Dangas G, Abizaid A, Lansky AJ, Mintz GS, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Kent KM, Waksman R, Stone GW, Leon MB. Treatment of focal in-stent restenosis with balloon angioplasty alone versus stenting: short- and long-term results. Am Heart J 2001; 141: 610– 614. 38 Schomig A, Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, Schuhlen H, Blasini R, Hadamitzky M, Walter H, Zitzmann-Roth EM, Richardt G, Alt E, Schmitt C, Ulm K. A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary-artery stents. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1084– 1089. 39 Leon MB, Baim DS, Popma JJ, Gordon PC, Cutlip DE, Ho KK, Giambartolomei A, Diver DJ, Lasorda DM, Williams DO, Pocock SJ, Kuntz RE. A clinical trial comparing three antithrombotic-drug regimens after coronary-artery stenting: Stent Anticoagulation Restenosis Study investigators. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1665– 1671. 40 Serruys PW, van Hout B, Bonnier H, Legrand V, Garcia E, Macaya C, Sousa E, van der Giessen W, Colombo A, Seabra-Gomes R, Kiemeneij F, Ruygrok P, Ormiston J, Emanuelsson H, Fajadet J, Haude M, Klugmann S, Morel MA. Randomised comparison of implantation of heparin-coated stents with balloon angioplasty in selected patients with coronary artery disease (Benestent II). Lancet 1998; 352: 673– 681. 41 Peterson ED, Cowper PA, DeLong ER, Zidar JP, Stack RS, Mark DB. Acute and long-term cost implications of coronary stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 1610– 1618. 42 Dean LS, George CJ, Roubin GS, Kennard ED, Holmes DR, King SB, Vlietstra RE, Moses JW, Kereiakes D, Corrazza JP, Ellis SG, Margolis JR, Detre KM. Bailout and corrective use of Gianturco-Roubin flex stents after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: operator reports and angiographic core lab verification from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institiute/New Approaches to Coronary Intervention Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 934– 940. 43 Maiello L, Colombo A, Gianrossi R, McCanny R, Finci L. Coronary stenting for treatment of acute or threatened closure following dissection after coronary balloon angioplasty. Am Heart J 1993; 125: 1570– 1575. 44 Briguori C, Nishida T, Anzuini A, Di Mario C, Grube E, Colombo A. Emergency polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent implantation to treat coronary ruptures. Circulation 2000; 102: 3028– 3031. 45 Weintraub WS, Kosinski AS, Brown CL, King SB. Can restenosis after angioplasty be predicted from clinical variables? J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 21: 6– 14. 46 Hirshfeld JW Jr, Schwartz JS, Jugo R, et al., for the M-HEART Investigators. Restenosis after coronary angioplasty: a multivariate statistical model to relate lesion and procedural variables to restenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18: 647– 656. 47 Mintz GS, Popma JJ, Kent KM, et al. Intravascular ultrasound predictors of restenosis after percutaneous transcatheter coronary revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27: 1678– 1687. 48 Bech GJ, Pijls NH, De Bruyne B, Peels KH, Michels HR, Bonnier HJ, Koolen JJ. Usefulness of fractional flow reserve to predict clinical outcome after balloon angioplasty. Circulation 1999; 99: 883– 888. 49 Holmes DR Jr, Hirshfeld J Jr, Faxon D, Vlietstra RE, Jacobs A, King SB III. ACC expert consensus document on coronary artery stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 1471– 1482. 50 Weaver WD, Reisman MA, Griffin JJ, Buller JJ, Leimgruber CD, Henry PP, D'Haem T, Clark C, Martin VL, Cohen JS, Neil DJ, Every N, Nathan R, for the OPUS-1 Investigators. Optimal percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty compared with routine stent strategy trial (OPUS-1): a randomised trial. Lancet 2000; 355: 2199– 2203. 51 Rodriguez A, Ayala F, Bernardi V, Santaera O, Marchand E, Pardinas C, Mauvecin C, Vogel D, Harrell LC, Palacios IF, on behalf of the OCBAS investigators. Optimal coronary balloon angioplasty with provisional stenting versus primary stent (OCBAS). J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 1351– 1357. 52 Dangas G, Ambrose JA, Rehmann D, Marmur JD, Sharma SK, Hemdal-Monsen C, Sanborn TA, Fischman DL. Balloon optimization versus stent study (BOSS): provisional stenting and early recoil after balloon angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 2000; 85: 957– 961. 53 Hibi K, Kobayashi Y, Maeraha A, Oshima S, Kato K, Takazawa J, Tamai H, Kashiwagi T, Fitzgerald PJ, Yock PG, Saito T. A randomized comparison of the effects of gradual inflation at optimum pressure versus stent implantation on early and late outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 1148– 1189. 54 Serruys PW, de Bruyne B, Carlier JE, Sousa EJ, Piek J, Muramatsu T, Vrints C, Probst,P, Seabra-Gomes R, Simpson I, Voudris V, Gurne O, Pijls N, Belardi J, van Es GA, Boersma E, Morel MA, van Hout B, on behalf of the Doppler Endpoints Balloon Angioplasty Trial Europe (DEBATE) II Study Group. Randomized comparison of primary stenting and provisional balloon angioplasty guided by flow velocity measurement: Doppler Endpoints Balloon Angioplasty Trial Europe (DEBATE) II study group. Circulation 2000; 102: 2930– 2937. 55 Lafont A, Dubois-Rande JL, Steg PG, Dupouy P, Carrie D, Coste P, Furber A, Beygui F, Feldman LJ, Rahal S, Tron C, Hamon M, Grollier G. Commeau P, Richard P, Colin P, Bauters C, Karrillon G, Ledru F, Citron B, Marie FN, Kern M. The French randomized optimal stenting trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 404– 409. 56 Di Mario C, Moses JW, Anderson TJ, Bonan R, Muramatsu T, Jain AC, Suarez de Lezo J, Cho SY, Kern M, Meredith I, Cohen D, Moussa I, Colombo A, on behalf of the DESTINI study group (Doppler Endpoint Stenting International Investigation). Randomized comparison of elective stent implantation and coronary balloon angioplasty guided by online quantitative angiography and intracoronary Doppler: DESTINI study group (Doppler Endpoint STenting INternational Investigation). Circulation 2000; 102: 2938– 2944. 57 Lincoff AM, Califf RM, Moliterno DJ, Ellis SG, Ducas J, Kramer JH, Kleiman NS, Cohen EA, Booth JE, Sapp SK, Cabot CF, Topol EJ. Complementary clinical benefits of coronary-artery stenting and blockade of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors: Evaluation of Platelet IIb/IIIa Inhibition in Stenting investigators. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 319– 327. 58 Wong SC, Zidar JP, Chuang YC, Pichard AD, Kent KM, Satler LF, Mintz GS, Hong MK, Ditrano CJ, Leon MB. Stents improve late clinical outcomes: results from the combined (I+II) Stent Restenosis study. Circulation 1995; 92( Suppl I): I281. 59 Tilli FV, Aliabadi D, Kinn JW, Kaplan BM, Benzuly KH, Safian RD. Real life stenting: a comparison of target vessel revascularization in BENESTENT-STRESS lesions to non-BENESTENT-STRESS lesions. Circulation 1996; 94( Suppl I): I332. 60 Sawada Y, Nokasa H, Kimura T, Nobuyoshi M. Initial and six month outcome of Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation: STRESS-BENESTENT equivalent vs. non-equivalent lesions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27( Suppl): 252A. 61 Kuntz RE, Safian RD, Carrozza JP, Fishman RF, Mansour M, Baim DS. The importance of acute luminal diameter in determining restenosis after coronary atherectomy or stenting. Circulation 1992: 86: 1827– 3185. 62 Hoffmann R, Mintz GS, Pichard AD, Kent KM, Satler LF, Leon MB. Intimal hyperplasia thickness at follow-up is independent of stent size: a serial intravascular ultrasound study. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82: 1168– 1172. 63 de Feyter PJ, van Suylen RJ, de Jaegere PP, Topol EJ, Serruys PW, et al. Balloon angioplasty for the treatment of saphenous vein grafts. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 21: 1539– 1549. 64 Platko WP, Hollman J, Whitlow PL, Franco I. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of saphenous vein graft stenosis: long term follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 1645– 1650. 65 Holmes DR Jr, Topol EJ, Califf RM, Berden LG, Leya F, Berger PB, Whitlow PL, Safian RD, Adelman AG, Kellet MA. A multicenter, randomized trial of coronary angioplasty versus directional atherectomy for patients with saphenous vein graft lesions: CAVEAT-II investigators. Circulation 1995; 91: 1966– 1974. 66 Natarajan MK, Bowman KA, Chisholm RJ, Adelman AG, Isner JM, Chokshi SK, Strauss BH. Excimer laser angioplasty versus balloon angioplasty in saphenous vein bypass grafts: qualitative angiographic comparison of matched lesions. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1996; 38: 153– 158. 67 Brener SJ, Ellis SG, Apperson-Hansen C, Leon MB, Topol EJ. Comparison of stenting and balloon angioplasty for narrowings in aortocoronary saphenous vein conduits in place for more than five years. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79: 13– 18. 68 Bhargava B, Kornowski R, Mehran R, Kent KM, Hong MK, Lansky AJ, Waksman R, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Leon MB. Procedural results and intermediate clinical outcomes after multiple saphenous vein graft stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 389– 397. 69 Savage MP, Douglas LS, Fischman DL, Pepine CJ, King SB, Werner JA, Bailey SR, Overlie PA, Fenton SH, Brinker JA, Leon MB, Goldberg S, Heuser R, Smalling R, Safian R, Cleman M, Buchbinder M, Snead D, Rake RC, Gebhardt S, for the Saphenous Vein De Novo trial investigators. A randomised trial of coronary stenting and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass graft disease. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 740– 747. 70 Hanekamp CEE, Koolen JJ, Heyer PD. The VENESTENT study group. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 9A. 71 Ahmed JM, Hong MK, Mehran R, Mintz GS, Lansky AJ, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Kent KM, Wu H, Stone GW, Leon MB. Comparison of debulking followed by stenting versus stenting alone for saphenous vein graft aortoostial lesions: immediate and one-year clinical outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1560– 1568. 72 Ahmed JM, Hong MK, Mehran R, Dangas G, Mintz GS, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Kent KM, Wu H, Stone GW, Leon MB. Influence of diabetes mellitus on early and late clinical outcomes in saphenous vein graft stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 1186– 1193. 73 Ahmed JM, Dangas G, Lansky AJ, Mehran R, Hong MK, Mintz GS, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Kent KM, Stone GW, Leon MB. Influence of gender on early and one-year clinical outcomes after saphenous vein graft stenting. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 401– 405. 74 Gruberg L, Hong MK, Mehran R, Mintz GS, Kornowski R, Lansky AJ, Kent KM, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Dangas G, Wu H, Stone GW, Leon MB. In-hospital and long-term results of stent deployment compared with balloon angioplasty for treatment of narrowing at the saphenous vein graft distal anastomosis site. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 1381– 1384. 75 Piana RN, Paik GY, Moscucci M, et al. Incidence and treatment of “no-reflow” after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 1994; 89: 2514– 2518. 76 Erbel R, Haude M, Hopp HW, Franzen D, Rupprecht HJ, Heublein B, Fischer K, de Jaegere P, Serruys P, Rutsch W, Probst P, for the Restenosis Stent Study Group. Coronary-artery stenting compared with balloon angioplasty for restenosis after initial balloon angioplasty: Restenosis Stent Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1672– 1678. 77 Gruberg L, Hong MK, Mintz GS, Mehran R, Waksman R, Dangas G, Kent KM, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Lansky AJ, Kornowski R, Stone GW, Leon MB. Optimally deployed stents in the treatment of restenotic versus de novo lesions. Am J Cardiol 2000; 85: 333– 337. 78 Laarman GJ, Plante S, de Feyter PJ. PTCA of chronically occluded coronary arteries. Am Heart J 1990; 119: 1153– 1160. 79 Melchior JP, Meier B, Urban P, Finci L, Steffenino G, Noble J, Rutishauser W. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for chronic total coronary occlusion. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59: 535– 538. 80 Violaris AG, Melkert R, Serruys PW. Long term luminal narrowing after successful elective coronary angioplasty of total occlusions: a quantitative angiographic analysis. Circulation 1995; 91: 2140– 2150. 81 Simes PA, Golf S, Myreng Y, Molstad P, Emanuelsson H, Albertsson P, Breeke M, Mangschau A, Endresen K, Kjekshus J. Stenting in chronic coronary occlusion (SICCO). J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 1444– 1451. 82 Rubartelli P, Niccoli L, Verna E, Giachero C, Zimarino M, Fontanelli A, Vassanelli C, Campolo L, Martuscelli E, Tommasini G. Stent implantation versus balloon angioplasty in chronic coronary occlusions: results from the GISSOC trial—Gruppo Italiano di Studio sullo Stent nelle Occlusioni Coronariche. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 90– 96. 83 Hoher M, Wohrle J, Grebe OC, Kochs M, Osterhues HH, Hombach V, Buchwald AB. A randomized trial of elective stenting after balloon recanalization of chronic total occlusions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34: 722– 729. 84 Buller CE, Dzavik V, Carere RG, Mancini GB, Barbeau G, Lazzam C, Anderson TJ, Knudtson ML, Marquis JF, Suzuki T, Cohen EA, Fox RS, Teo KK. Primary stenting versus balloon angioplasty in occluded coronary arteries: the Total Occlusion Study of Canada (TOSCA). Circulation 1999; 100: 236– 242. 85 Sievert H, Rohde S, Utech A, Schulze R, Scherer D, Merle H, Ensslen R, Schrader R, Spies H, Fach A. Stent or angioplasty after recanalization of chronic coronary occlusions? Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 386– 390. 86 Tamai H, Tsuchikane E, Suzuki T, Nishikawa H, Aizawa T, Fujii K, Nozaki Y, Kyo E, Kobayashi T, Reiber J, van Weert AWM, Berger PB, for the MAJIC Investigators. Mayo-Japan investigation for chronic total occlusions (MAJIC). Circulation 1999; 101: I436. 87 Grines CL, Browne KF, Marco J, Rothbaum D, Stone GW, O'Keefe J, Overlie P, Donohue B, Chelliah N, Timmis GC, Vlietstra RE, Stzelecki M, Puchrowicz-Ochocki S, O'Neill WW, for the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Study Group. A comparison of immediate angioplasty with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 673– 679. 88 Zijlstra F, de Boer MJ, Hoorntje JCA, Reiffers S, Reiber JHC, Suryapranata H. A comparison of immediate coronary angioplasty with intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 680– 684. 89 Gibbons RJ, Holmes DR, Reeder GS, Bailey KR, Hopfenspirger MR, Gersh BJ, for the Mayo coronary care unit and catheterization laboratory group. Immediate angioplasty compared with the administration of a thrombolytic agent followed by conservative treatment for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 685– 691. 90 Dangas G, Stone GW. Primary mechanical reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: the United States experience. Semin Intervent Cardiol 1999; 4: 21– 33. 91 Rodriguez A, Bernardi V, Fernandez M, Mauvecin C, Ayala F, Santaera O, Martinez J, Mele E, Roubin GS, Palacios I, Ambrose JA, on behalf of the GRAMI investigators. In-hospital and late results of coronary stents versus conventional balloon angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction (GRAMI trial). Gianturco-Roubin in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 1286– 1291. 92 Antoniucci D, Santoro GM, Bolognese L, Valenti R, Trapani M, Fazzini PF. A clinical trial comparing primary stenting of the infarct related artery with optimal primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31: 1234– 1239. 93 Suryapranata H, van't Hof AWJ, Hoorntjie JCA, de Boer MJ, Zijlstra F. Randomized comparison of coronary stenting with balloon angioplasty in selected patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1998; 97: 2502– 2505. 94 Grines CL, Cox DA, Stone GW, Garcia E, Mattos LA, Giambartolomei A, Brodie PR, Madonna O, Eijgelshoven M, Landsky AJ, O'Neill WW, Morice MC. Coronary angioplasty with or without stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1949– 1956. 95 Montalescot G, Barragan P, Wittenberg O, Ecollan P, Elhadad S, Villain P, Boulenc JM, Morice MC, Maillard L, Pansieri M, Choussat R, Pinton P, the ADMIRAL investigators. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1895– 1903. 96 Karrillon GJ, Morice MC, Benveniste E, Bunouf P, Aubry P, Cattan S, Chevalier B, Commeau P, Cribier A, Eiferman C, Grollier G, Guerin Y, Henry M, Lefevre T, Livarek B, Louvard Y, Marco J, Makowski S, Monassier JP, Pernes JM, Rioux P, Spaulding C, Zemour G. Intracoronary stent implantation without ultrasound guidance and with replacement of conventional anticoagulation by antiplatelet therapy: 30-day clinical outcome of the French Multicenter Registry. Circulation 1996; 94: 1519– 1527. 97 Moussa I, Di Mario C, Reimers B, Akiyama T, Tobis J, Colombo A. Subacute stent thrombosis in the era of IVUS-guided coronary stenting without anticoagulation: frequency, predictors and clinical outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 6– 12. 98 Lau KW, He Q, Ding ZP, Johan A. Safety and efficacy of angiography-guided stent placement in small native coronary arteries of < 3.0 mm in diameter. Clin Cardiol 1997; 20: 711– 716. 99 Akiyama T, Moussa I, Reimers B, Ferraro M, Kobayashi Y, Blengino S, Di Francesco L, Finci L, Di Mario C, Colombo A. Angiographic and clinical outcome following coronary stenting of small vessels: a comparison with coronary stenting of large vessels. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 1610– 1618. 100 Savage MP, Fischman DL, Kada F, Fry ETA, Kiernan FJ, Goldberg S. A randomized comparison of elective stenting and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of small coronary arter

Referência(s)