Scientific Opinion on the risk of Phyllosticta citricarpa (Guignardia citricarpa) for the EU territory with identification and evaluation of risk reduction options
2014; Wiley; Volume: 12; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3557
ISSN1831-4732
Tópico(s)Research on scale insects
ResumoEFSA JournalVolume 12, Issue 2 3557 OpinionOpen Access Scientific Opinion on the risk of Phyllosticta citricarpa (Guignardia citricarpa) for the EU territory with identification and evaluation of risk reduction options EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH)Search for more papers by this author EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH)Search for more papers by this author First published: 21 February 2014 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3557Citations: 33 Panel members: Richard Baker, Claude Bragard, Thierry Candresse, Gianni Gilioli, Jean-Claude Grégoire, Imre Holb, Michael John Jeger, Olia Evtimova Karadjova, Christer Magnusson, David Makowski, Charles Manceau, Maria Navajas, Trond Rafoss, Vittorio Rossi, Jan Schans, Gritta Schrader, Gregor Urek, Johan Coert van Lenteren, Irene Vloutoglou, Stephan Winter and Wopke van der Werf. Correspondence: [email protected] Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank: Richard Baker, Andrew Hart, Diego Intrigliolo, David Makowski, Marco Pautasso, Trond Rafoss, Jan Schans, Wopke van der Werf and Antonio Vicent for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion, the hearing expert Eduardo Primo Millo and EFSA staff: Giuseppe Stancanelli, Olaf Mosbach Schulz, Francesca Riolo, Jose Cortinas Abrahantes, Ewelina Czwienczek, Tilemachos Goumperis and Marilia Ioannou, for the support provided to this scientific opinion. Adoption date: 30 January 2014 Published date: 21 February 2014 Question number: EFSA-Q-2013-00334 On request from: European Commission AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract The Panel conducted a risk assessment of Phyllosticta citricarpa for the EU. P. citricarpa causes citrus black spot (CBS) and is absent from the EU. Under the scenario of absence of specific risk reduction options against P. citricarpa, the risk of entry of P. citricarpa was rated as likely for citrus plants for planting and citrus fruit with leaves, moderately likely for citrus fruit without leaves, unlikely for citrus leaves for cooking and very unlikely for Tahiti lime fruit without leaves. Establishment was rated as moderately likely because susceptible hosts are widely available and environmental conditions in many EU citrus-growing areas are suitable (with high uncertainty) for P. citricarpa ascospore production, dispersal and infection. Current fungicide treatments will not prevent establishment. Environmental favourability is increased by the use of sprinkler and micro-sprinkler irrigation in some EU citrus-growing locations. Spread with trade was rated as moderately likely. Model results indicate that CBS epidemics are most likely to develop in EU citrus-growing areas in late summer to early autumn and in some locations also in late spring to early summer. CBS is expected to affect mainly lemons and late-maturing sweet orange and mandarin varieties, with moderate negative consequences for the production of fresh fruit, but with environmental impact of additional fungicide treatments. Negative consequences would be minor for early-maturing citrus varieties and minimal for citrus for processing. Uncertainty concerning the consequences is high, mainly because of the lack of data on critical climate response parameters for the pathogen but also because information on impact in areas at the limits of the current distribution is scarce. Since eradication and containment are difficult, phytosanitary measures should focus on preventing entry. Current phytosanitary measures are evaluated to be effective, with the exception of pest-free production sites. 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