Artigo Revisado por pares

Assumptions Made About Gender Roles

1975; Wiley; Volume: 45; Issue: 2-3 Linguagem: Francês

10.1111/j.1475-682x.1975.tb00340.x

ISSN

1475-682X

Autores

David Tresemer,

Tópico(s)

Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health

Resumo

Sociological InquiryVolume 45, Issue 2-3 p. 308-339 Assumptions Made About Gender Roles David Tresemer, David Tresemer Received his doctorate in social psychology from Harvard University and is currently a therapist and consultant in Brattleboro, Vermont. His ongoing interest in misconceptions concerning gender roles involved introducing statistical methods for avoiding the assumption trap described in his article.Search for more papers by this author David Tresemer, David Tresemer Received his doctorate in social psychology from Harvard University and is currently a therapist and consultant in Brattleboro, Vermont. His ongoing interest in misconceptions concerning gender roles involved introducing statistical methods for avoiding the assumption trap described in his article.Search for more papers by this author First published: April 1975 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1975.tb00340.xCitations: 10AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL REFERENCES Abbott, M. M. 1969. “ An Analysis of the Components of Masculinity and Femininity,” doctoral dissertation, Columbia University . Ann Arbor , Mich. : University Microfilms, No. 69–3048. Cited in Constantinople, 1973. Adelson, Joseph. 1972. “Is Women's Lib a Passing Fad?”New York Times Magazine March 19: 26ff. Allen, Nancy H. 1973. Suicide in California 1960–1970. Sacramento : State of California, Department of Public Health. Armstrong, C. N. 1964. “ Intersexuality in Man,” Intersexuality in Vertebrates, ed. C. N. Armstrong and A. J. Marshall. London : Academic, pp. 349– 93. Atkinson, John W. 1964. An Introduction to Motivation. New York : American Book Company. Bakan, David. 1966. The Duality of Human Existence. Chicago : Rand McNally. Bardwick, Judith. 1971. Psychology of Women: A Study of Bio-cultural Conflicts. New York : Harper & Row. Barlow, David H.; Reynolds, E. Joyce; and Agras, W. Stewart. 1973. “Gender Identity Change in a Transsexual,” Archives of General Psychiatry 28: 569– 76. Bazin, Nancy T., and Freeman, Alma. 1974. “The Androgynous Vision,” Women's Studies 2: 185– 215. Bern, Sandra L. In press. “The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. In press. “Sex—role Adaptability: One Consequence of Psychological Androgyny,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Bennett, E. M., and Cohen, L. R. 1959. “Men and Women: Personality Patterns and Contrasts,” Genetic Psychology Monographs 59: 101– 55. Bernard, Jessie. 1971. Women and the Public Interest. Chicago : Aldine-Atherton. Bettelheim, Bruno. 1962. Symbolic Wounds: Puberty Rites and the Envious Male, rev. ed. New York : Collier. Block, J. H. 1973. “Conceptions of Sex Role: Some Cross-cultural and Longitudinal Perspectives,” American Psychologist 28: 512– 26. Brenton, Myron. 1966. The American Male. Greenwich , Conn. : Fawcett. Brim, Orville G., Jr. 1970. “ Personality Development as Role—learning,” Personality Development in Children, ed. I. Iscoe and H. Stevenson. Austin : University of Texas Press, pp. 127– 59. Brown, Daniel. 1956. “Sex—role Preference in Young Children,” Psychological Monographs 70(421). Carlson, Rae. 1972. “Understanding Women: Implications for Personality Theory and Research,” Journal of Social Issues 28: 17– 32. Cohen, Jacob. 1969. Statistical Power in the Behavioral Sciences. New York : Academic Press. Constantinople, Anne. 1973. “Masculinity-Femininity: An Exception to a Famous Dictum?,” Psychological Bulletin 80: 389– 407. Costner, Herbert L. 1965. “Criteria for Measures of Association,” American Sociological Review 20: 341– 53. Dean, Dwight; Braito, Rita; Powers, Edward; and Bruton, Brent. 1973. “ Replication and Fallacy: Cultural Contradictions and Sex Roles Revisited,” paper presented at annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, New York City. Delcourt, Marie. 1958. Hermaphrodite: mythes et rites de la bisexualité dans ľ antiquityé classique. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France. Diamond, Esther E. 1973. “ Masculinity-Femininity Scale in Interest Measurement: An Idea Whose Time Has Passed,” ERIC document No. ED 069 795, paper presented at annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu. Dicks, H. V. 1967. Marital Tensions: Clinical Studies Towards a Psychological Theory of Interaction. New York : Basic Books. Dornbuseh, Sanford. 1966. “ Afterword,” The Development of Sex Differences, ed. E. Maccody. Stanford , Calif. : Stanford University Press, pp. 205– 19. Edgerton, Robert B. 1964. “Pokot Intersexuality: An East African Example of the Resolution of Sexual Incongruity,” American Anthropologist 66: 1,288– 99. Fleiss, Joseph L. 1973. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. New York : Wiley. Freedman, Herbert. 1968. “Magnitude of Experimental Effect and a Table for Its Rapid Estimation,” Psychological Bulletin 70: 245– 51. Garai, Josef F., and Scheinfeld, Amram. 1968. “Sex Differences in Mental and Behavioral Traits,” Genetic Psychology Monographs 77: 169– 299. Gelbke, H. 1963. “ Plastic Surgery,” Intersexuality, ed. C. Overzier. New York : Academic Press, pp. 474– 94. Giele, Janet Z. 1972. “Centuries of Womanhood: An Evolutionary Perspective on the Feminine Role,” Women's Studies 1: 97– 110. Ginsberg, George L. 1973. “Effects on Men of Increased Sexual Freedom in Women,” Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality 7: 66– 78 (Comments: 78–89). Ginsberg, George; French, William A.; and Shapiro, Theodore. 1972. “The New Impotence,” Archives of General Psychiatry 26: 218– 20. Richard Green, and John Money (eds.). 1969. Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment. Baltimore : The Johns Hopkins University Press. Gump, Janice P. 1972. “Sex-role Attitudes and Psychological Well-being,” Journal of Social Issues 28: 79– 92. Guntrip, Harry. 1969. “ The Ultimate Foundations of Ego-Identity,” Schizoid Phenomena, Object Relations, and the Self. New York : International Universities Press, pp. 243– 71. Hartley, Ruth E. 1959. “Sex—role Pressures and the Socialization of the Male Child,” Psychological Reports 5: 457– 68. Hill, W. W. 1935. “The Status of the Hermaphrodite and Transvestite in Navaho Culture,” American Anthropologist 37: 273– 79. Holter, Harriet. 1970. Sex Roles and Social Structure. Oslo : Universitetsforiaget. Horner, Matina S. 1968. “ Sex Differences in Achievement Motivation and Performance in Competitive and Non-competitive Situations,” doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan . Ann Arbor , Mich. : University Microfilms, No. 69–12, 135. Horner, Matina S.; Tresemer, David; Berens, Anne E.; and Watson, Robert I., Jr. 1973. “ Scoring Manual for an Empirically Derived Scoring System for Motive to Avoid Success,” unpublished manuscript. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University. Joan Huber (ed.). 1973. “Changing Women in a Changing Society,” American Journal of Sociology 78(4). Jenkin, Noel, and Vroegh, Karen. 1969. “Contemporary Concepts of Masculinity and Femininity,” Psychological Reports 25: 679– 97. Jones, Howard W., Jr., and Scott, William W. 1971. “ The Origin of the Concept of Hermaphroditism in Graeco-Roman Culture,” Genital Anomalies and Related Endocrine Disorders, 2d ed. Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins, pp. 3– 15. Jung, Carl G. 1953. Psychology and Alchemy, 2d ed. Princeton , N.J. : Bollingen, 1968. Jung, Carl G. 1954. Mysterium Coniunctionis: An Inquiry into the Separation and Synthesis of Psychic Opposites in Alchemy, 2d ed. Princeton , N.J. : Princeton University Press (Bollingen), 1970. Kagan, Jerome. 1964. “ Acquisition and Significance of Sex Typing and Sex Role Identity,” Review of Child Development Research, Vol. 1, ed. M. L. Hoffman and L. W. Hoffman. New York : Russell Sage, pp. 137– 68. Kagan, Jerome. 1971. Change and Continuity in Infancy. New York : John Wiley. Kagan, Jerome. 1972. “The Emergence of Sex Differences,” School Review 80: 217– 27. Kagan, Jerome, and Moss, H. 1962. Birth to Maturity. New York : John Wiley. Kenny, David A. 1974. “ A Quasi-experimental Approach to Assessing Treatment Effects in the Nonequivalent Control Group Design,” unpublished manuscript. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University. Kinkade, Kathleen. 1973. A Walden Two Experiment: The First Five Years of Twin Oaks Community. New York : William Morrow. Klinger, Eric. 1971. Structure and Functions of Fantasy. New York : John Wiley. Koestenbaum, Peter. 1963. “ The Interpretation of Roles,” The Potential of Woman, ed. S. M. Farber and R. H. L. Wilson. New York : McGraw-Hill, pp. 131– 50. Kohlberg, Lawrence. 1969. “ Stage and Sequence: The Cognitive-Developmental Approach to Socialization,” Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research, ed. D. A. Goslin. Chicago : Rand McNally, pp. 347– 480. Komarovsky, Mirra. 1946. “Cultural Contradictions and Sex Roles,” American Journal of Sociology 52: 184– 89. Laub, Donald R., and Fisk, Norman. 1974. “A Rehabilitation Program for Gender Dysphoria Syndrome by Surgical Sex Change,” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 53: 388– 403. Donald Laub, and Patrick Gandy (eds.). 1974. Proceedings of the Second Interdisciplinary Symposium on Gender Dysphoria Syndrome. Ann Arbor , Mich. : Edwards Brothers. Levin, S. 1971. “ On Becoming Male,” Personality and Science, ed. I. T. Ramsey and R. Porter. Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone, pp. 5– 12. Levi-Strauss, Claude. 1966. The Savage Mind. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. Levy, Philip. 1967. “Substantive Significance of Significant Differences Between Two Groups,” Psychological Bulletin 67: 37– 40. Lipsitt, L. P., and Levy, N. 1959. “Electroactual Threshold in the Human Neonate,” Child Development 30: 547– 54. Eleanor E. Maccoby (ed.). 1966. “ Sex Differences in Intellectual Functioning,” The Development of Sex Differences, ed. E. E. Maccoby. Stanford : Stanford University Press, pp. 25– 55. Malamud, Rene. 1971. “ The Amazon Problem,” Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought 1– 21. Matarazzo, Joseph D. 1972. Wechslers Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence, 5th ed. Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins. Mead, Margaret. 1949. Male and Female: A Study of the Sexes in a Changing World. New York : Dell, 1968. Money, John, and Ehrhardt, Anke A. 1973. Man and Woman, Boy and Girl. Baltimore : The Johns Hopkins University Press. Morris, Jan. 1974. Conundrum. New York : Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. Mosteller, Frederick, and Tukey, John. 1968. “ Data Analysis Including Statistics,” Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol. 2, 2d ed., ed. G. Lindzey and E. Aronson. Reading , Mass. : Addison-Wesley, pp. 80– 203. National Center of Health Statistics. 1965. Weight, Height, and Selected Body Dimensions of Adults: U.S.: 1960–1962, Publication No. 1000, Series 11, No. 8. Washington , D.C. : U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service. Neumann, Eric. 1954. The Origins and History of Consciousness. Princeton , N.J. : Bollingen, 1971. Oakley, Anne. 1972. Sex, Gender, and Society. London : Temple Smith. Claus Overzier (ed.). 1963. “ True Hermaphroditism,” Intersexuality. New York : Academic Press, pp. 192– 229. Piaget, Jean. 1970. Structuralism. New York : Basic Books. Powers, Edward A.; Braito, Rita; and Dean, Dwight. 1972. “ Cultural Contradictions and Sex Roles: Fact or Arti-fact?,” paper presented at meeting of National Council of Family Relations, Portland, Oreg. Swami Shree Purohit, and W. B. Yeats (trans.). 1937. The Ten Principal Upanishads. London : Faber and Faber. Richardson, Herbert W. 1971. Nun, Witch, and Playmate. New York : Harper & Row. Rosenberg, Benjamin C, and Hyde, J. S. 1973. “ Female Development Revisited,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Montreal. Rossi, Alice S. 1964. “Equality Between the Sexes: An Immodest Proposal,” Daedalus 93: 607– 52. Rossi, Alice S. 1968. “Transition to Parenthood,” Journal of Marriage and the Family 30: 26– 39. Rugh, Roberts, and Shettles, Landrum. 1971. From Conception to Birth. New York : Harper & Row. Rulon, P. J., and Brooks, W. D. 1968. “ On Statistical Tests of Group Differences,” Handbook of Measurement and Assessment in Behavioral Sciences, ed. D. K. Whitla. Reading , Mass. : Addison-Wesley, pp. 60– 99. Sanford, Nevitt. 1966. “ Masculinity and Femininity in the Structure of the Personality,” Self and Society. New York : Atherton, pp. 191– 202. Sears, Robert R. 1965. “ Development of Gender Role,” Sex and Behavior, ed. F. Beach. New York : Wiley, pp. 133– 63. Georgene H. Seward, and R. Williamson (eds.). 1970. Sex Roles in Changing Society. New York : Random House. Sherman, Julia A. 1971. On the Psychology of Women. Springfield , Iil : Charles C. Thomas. Silverman, Julian. 1970. “ Attentional Styles and the Study of Sex Differences,” Attention: Contemporary Theory and Analysis, ed. D. I. Mostofsky. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts, pp. 61– 98. Skaggs, E. B. 1940. “Sex Differences in Moral Attitudes,” Journal of Social Psychology 11: 3– 10. Slater, Philip E. 1963. “On Social Regression,” American Sociological Review 28: 339– 64. Stein, Aletha H. 1967. “ Children's Achievement Behavior on Sex-typed Tasks,” paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, New York. Stein, Aletha H., and Bailey, M. M. 1973. “The Socialization of Achievement Orientation in Females,” Psychological Bulletin 80: 345– 66. Stein, Aletha; Pohly, S. R.; and Mueller, E. 1971. “The Influence of Masculine, Feminine, and Neutral Tasks on Children's Achievement Behavior, Expectancies of Success, and Attainment Values,” Child Development 42: 195– 207. Steinmann, Anne, and Fox, David. 1974. The Male Dilemma: How to Survive the Sexual Revolution. New York : Aronson. Stoller, Robert. 1968. Sex and Gender: On the Development of Masculinity and Femininity. New York : Science House. Strong, E. K., Jr. 1943. Vocational Interests of Men and Women. Stanford , Calif. : Stanford University Press. Sutton-Smith, Brian, and Rosenberg, Benjamin G. 1973. “ Sex Differences in the Longitudinal Prediction of Adult Personality,” paper presented at meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Philadelphia. (Cited in Rosenberg and Hyde, 1973.). Terman, Lewis M., and Miles, Catherine C. 1936. Sex and Personality: Studies in Masculinity and Femininity. New York : McGraw—Hill. Terman, Lewis M., and Tyler, L. 1954. “ Psychological Sex Differences,” Manual of Child Psychology, 2d ed., ed. L. Carmichael. New York : John Wiley, pp. 1,064– 1,114. Tresemer, David. 1974a. “Fear of Success: Popular but Unproven,” Psychology Today 7(10): 82– 85. Tresemer, David. 1974b. “ Success Avoidance and Gender Role,” unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University. Tresemer, David. 1975. “Measuring ‘Sex Differences,’ Sociological Inquiry 45(4). Tresemer, David, and Pleck, Joe. 1974. “Sex-role Boundaries and Resistance to Sex-role Change,” Women's Studies 2: 61– 78. Vincent, Clark E. 1973. “Side Effects on the Family from Liberalized Sexual Attitudes,” Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality 7(6): 80– 96. Vroegh, Karen. 1971. “Masculinity and Femininity in the Elementary and Junior High School Years,” Developmental Psychology 4: 254– 61. Wallin, Paul. 1950. “Cultural Contradictions and Sex Roles: A Repeat Study,” American Sociological Review 15: 288– 93. Warner, R. Stephen; Wellman, David T.; and Weitzman, Lenore J. 1973. “The Hero, the Sambo, and the Operator: Three Characterizations of the Oppressed,” Urban Life and Culture 2: 53– 84. Winick, Charles. 1968. The New People: Desexualization in American Life. New York : Pegasus. Maxwell M. Wintrobe et al. (ed.). 1974. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 7th ed. New York : McGraw-Hill. Citing Literature Volume45, Issue2-3April 1975Pages 308-339 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Referência(s)
Altmetric
PlumX