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The measurement of the etic aspects of individualism and collectivism across cultures

1986; Wiley; Volume: 38; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/00049538608259013

1742-9536

Harry C. Triandis, Robert Bontempo, Héctor Betancourt, Michael Harris Bond, Kwok Leung, Abelando Brenes, James Georgas, C. Harry Hui, Gerardo Marín, Bernadette Setiadi, Jai B. P. Sinha, Jyoti Verma, J. F. A. Spangenberg, Hubert Touzard, Germaine de Montmollin,

Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior

The dimension of individualism-collectivism, as identified by Hofstede (1980), was studied using items developed both theoretically and emically in nine diverse cultures. The dimension was found to be analysable into four stable etic factors: Individualism had two aspects (Separation from Ingroups and Self-Reliance with Hedonism) and collectivism had two aspects (Family Integrity and Interdependence with Sociability). These four factors are orthogonal to each other. The location of nine cultures on these four factors was used to compute a "collectivism" score which correlated r = + · 73 with Hofstede's (1980) collectivism scores for the nine cultures. This approach enables the measurement of individualism-collectivism in each culture as well as across cultures, and shows that different methods for measuring individualism-collectivism converge.