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Expanding the Diversity of Mycobacteriophages: Insights into Genome Architecture and Evolution

2011; Public Library of Science; Volume: 6; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1371/journal.pone.0016329

1932-6203

Welkin H. Pope, Deborah Jacobs‐Sera, Daniel A. Russell, Craig L. Peebles, Zein Al-Atrache, Turi A. Alcoser, Lisa Alexander, Matthew B. Alfano, Samantha T. Alford, Nichols E. Amy, Marie Anderson, Alexander G. Anderson, Andrew A. S. Ang, Manuel Ares, Amanda J. Barber, Lucia P. Barker, Jonathan Barrett, William D. Barshop, Cynthia Bauerle, Ian Bayles, Katherine Belfield, Aaron A. Best, Agustin Borjon, Charles A. Bowman, Christine A. Boyer, Kevin W. Bradley, Victoria A. Bradley, Lauren N. Broadway, Keshav Budwal, Kayla N. Busby, Ian W. Campbell, A. Malcolm Campbell, Alyssa Carey, Steven M. Caruso, Rebekah D. Chew, Chelsea L. Cockburn, Lianne B. Cohen, Jeffrey Corajod, Steven G. Cresawn, Kimberly R. Davis, Lisa Deng, Dee R. Denver, Breyon R. Dixon, Sahrish Ekram, Sarah C. R. Elgin, Angela E. Engelsen, Belle E. V. English, Marcella L. Erb, Crystal Estrada, Laura Z. Filliger, Ann M. Findley, Lauren Forbes, Mark H. Forsyth, Tyler M. Fox, Melissa J. Fritz, Roberto Garcia, Zindzi D. George, Anne Georges, Christopher R. Gissendanner, Shannon Goff, Rebecca Goldstein, Kobie C. Gordon, Russell D. Green, Stephanie Guerra, Krysta R. Guiney-Olsen, Bridget G. Guiza, Leila Haghighat, Garrett V. Hagopian, Catherine J. Harmon, Jeremy S. Harmson, Grant A. Hartzog, Samuel E. Harvey, Siping He, Kevin J. He, Kaitlin E. Healy, Ellen R. Higinbotham, Erin N. Hildebrandt, Jason H. Ho, Gina M. Hogan, Victoria G. Hohenstein, Nathan A. Holz, Vincent Huang, Ericka L. Hufford, Peter M. Hynes, Arrykka S. Jackson, Erica C. Jansen, Jonathan W. Jarvik, Paul G. Jasinto, Tuajuanda C. Jordan, Tomas Kasza, Murray A. Katelyn, Jessica S. Kelsey, Larisa A. Kerrigan, Daryl Khaw, Jung-Hee Kim, Justin Z. Knutter, Ching‐Chung Ko, Gail V. Larkin, Jennifer R. Laroche, Asma Latif, Kohana D. Leuba, Sequoia I. Leuba, Lynn Lewis, Kathryn Loesser-Casey, Courtney Long, A. Javier Lopez, Nicholas Lowery, Tina Lu, Victor Mac, Isaac R. Masters, Jazmyn J. McCloud, Molly J. McDonough, Andrew J. Medenbach, Anjali Kondur Menon, Rachel Miller, Brandon K. Morgan, Patrick Ng, Elvis Nguyen, Katrina Nguyen, Emilie T. Nguyen, Kaylee M. Nicholson, Lindsay A. Parnell, Caitlin Peirce, Allison M. Perz, Luke J. Peterson, Rachel E. Pferdehirt, Philip V. Seegren, Kit Pogliano, Joe Pogliano, Tamsen Polley, Erica J. Puopolo, Hannah S. Rabinowitz, Michael J. Resiss, Corwin Rhyan, Yetta M. Robinson, Lauren L. Rodriguez, Andrew C. Rose, Jeffrey D. Rubin, Jessica A. Ruby, Margaret S. Saha, James W. Sandoz, Judith Savitskaya, Dale J. Schipper, Christine E. Schnitzler, Amanda R. Schott, Jacob Segal, C. Shaffer, Kathryn Sheldon, Erica M. Shepard, Jonathan W. Shepardson, Madav K. Shroff, Jessica Simmons, Erika F. Simms, Brandy M. Simpson, Kathryn M. Sinclair, Robert Sjoholm, Ingrid J. Slette, Blaire C. Spaulding, Clark L. Straub, Joseph Stukey, Trevor Sughrue, Tin‐Yun Tang, Lyons M. Tatyana, Stephen B. Taylor, Barbara J. Taylor, Louise Temple, Jasper V. K. Thompson, Michael P. Tokarz, Stephanie E. Trapani, Alexander P. Troum, Jonathan S. Tsay, Anthony Tubbs, Jillian M. Walton, Danielle H. Wang, Szu-Han Wang, John Warner, Emilie G. Weisser, Samantha C. Wendler, Kathleen Weston‐Hafer, Hilary M. Whelan, Kurt E. Williamson, Angelica N. Willis, Hannah S. Wirtshafter, Theresa W. Wong, Phillip Wu, Yun jeong Yang, Brandon C. Yee, David A. Zaidins, Bo Zhang, Melina Y. Zúniga, Roger W. Hendrix, Graham F. Hatfull,

RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms

Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All mycobacteriophages characterized to date are dsDNA tailed phages, and have either siphoviral or myoviral morphotypes. However, their genetic diversity is considerable, and although sixty-two genomes have been sequenced and comparatively analyzed, these likely represent only a small portion of the diversity of the mycobacteriophage population at large. Here we report the isolation, sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of 18 new mycobacteriophages isolated from geographically distinct locations within the United States. Although no clear correlation between location and genome type can be discerned, these genomes expand our knowledge of mycobacteriophage diversity and enhance our understanding of the roles of mobile elements in viral evolution. Expansion of the number of mycobacteriophages grouped within Cluster A provides insights into the basis of immune specificity in these temperate phages, and we also describe a novel example of apparent immunity theft. The isolation and genomic analysis of bacteriophages by freshman college students provides an example of an authentic research experience for novice scientists.