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Comparison of oil concentration and oil quality from Santalum spicatum and S. album plantations, 8–25 years old, with those from mature S. spicatum natural stands

2007; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 70; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/00049158.2007.10675025

2325-6087

J. E. Brand, J. E. D. Fox, Grant Pronk, Charles P. Cornwell,

Nuts composition and effects

Summary During February to November 2004, core samples were taken from 41 trees growing in three Santalum spicatum plantations in the Wheatbelt (W–W3: age 8–11 y); one S. spicatum plantation (aged 20–25 y) from Curtin University; one Santalum album plantation (aged 15 y) also from Curtin University; and two mature natural stands of S. spicatum (aged >50 y). Each tree was cored at 150 mm and 700 mm above ground to compare heartwood percentage; oil concentration; and α-santalol, β-santalol and t, t-farnesol contents within the oil. Oils were extracted from the whole core samples (heartwood + sapwood) using ethanol, and the chemical composition was determined using a gas chromatography flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and a mass-selective detector (GC-MS). Santalum spicatum from the three Wheatbelt plantations had significantly lower proportions of heartwood (28–48%) than those from Curtin University (61–69%) and the natural stands (64–79%), at 150 mm and 700 mm above the ground. Santalum album at age 15 y had 57–59% heartwood at both sampling heights. The mean total extractable oil concentrations from S. spicatum plantations growing at Curtin University. W1 and W2 (2.2–3.6%), were similar to those from mature natural stands (2.3–3.1%), at both 150 mm and 700 mm. The mean oil concentration from W3 (0.7–0.8%), however, was significantly less than the mean oil concentration from mature S. spicatum. The S. album plantation had a mean oil concentration of 1.3–2.3%. Within the oil, W1 and Curtin University plantations had α-santalol (5.5–27.3%) and β-santalol (2.1–10.5%) contents similar to or greater than those in the natural stands (3.1–8.0% α-santalol; 1.3–3.0% α-santalol), at both sampling heights. W2 had poor oil quality with only 0.1–2.4% α-santalol and 0–0.6% α-santalol. As expected, the S. album had significantly more α- and α-santalol within the oil than S. spicatum. Mean t, t-farnesol content within the oil from W2 and W3 (28.3–38.7%) was significantly greater than within the oil from the mature S. spicatum (10.0–16.2%), at both sampling heights. Santalum album had the lowest t, t-farnesol content of only 0.1%.