Mirror Therapy for Improving Motor Function After Stroke
2012; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Volume: 44; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1161/strokeaha.112.673087
ISSN1524-4628
AutoresHolm Thieme, Jan Mehrholz, Marcus Pohl, Johann Behrens, Christian Dohle,
Tópico(s)Pain Management and Treatment
ResumoHomeStrokeVol. 44, No. 1Mirror Therapy for Improving Motor Function After Stroke Free AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBMirror Therapy for Improving Motor Function After Stroke Holm Thieme, DrPH, Jan Mehrholz, DrPH, Marcus Pohl, MD, Johann Behrens, PhD and Christian Dohle, MD, MPhil Holm ThiemeHolm Thieme From Erste Europäische Schule für Physiotherapie (H.T.), Ergotherapie und Logopädie, Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Sachsen, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät (H.T., J.B.), Institut für Gesundheits und Pflegewissenschaft, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Wissenschaftliches Institut (J.M.), Private Europäische Medizinische Akademie der Klinik Bavaria in Kreischa GmbH, Kreischa, Germany; Sektion Therapiewissenschaften (J.M.), SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera GmbH, Gera, Germany; Abteilung Neurologie und Fachübergreifende Rehabilitation (M.P.), Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Germany; Abteilung für Neurologische Rehabilitation (C.D.), MEDIAN Klinik Berlin-Kladow, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.D.), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Rehabilitation Science (C.D.), University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. , Jan MehrholzJan Mehrholz From Erste Europäische Schule für Physiotherapie (H.T.), Ergotherapie und Logopädie, Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Sachsen, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät (H.T., J.B.), Institut für Gesundheits und Pflegewissenschaft, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Wissenschaftliches Institut (J.M.), Private Europäische Medizinische Akademie der Klinik Bavaria in Kreischa GmbH, Kreischa, Germany; Sektion Therapiewissenschaften (J.M.), SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera GmbH, Gera, Germany; Abteilung Neurologie und Fachübergreifende Rehabilitation (M.P.), Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Germany; Abteilung für Neurologische Rehabilitation (C.D.), MEDIAN Klinik Berlin-Kladow, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.D.), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Rehabilitation Science (C.D.), University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. , Marcus PohlMarcus Pohl From Erste Europäische Schule für Physiotherapie (H.T.), Ergotherapie und Logopädie, Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Sachsen, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät (H.T., J.B.), Institut für Gesundheits und Pflegewissenschaft, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Wissenschaftliches Institut (J.M.), Private Europäische Medizinische Akademie der Klinik Bavaria in Kreischa GmbH, Kreischa, Germany; Sektion Therapiewissenschaften (J.M.), SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera GmbH, Gera, Germany; Abteilung Neurologie und Fachübergreifende Rehabilitation (M.P.), Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Germany; Abteilung für Neurologische Rehabilitation (C.D.), MEDIAN Klinik Berlin-Kladow, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.D.), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Rehabilitation Science (C.D.), University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. , Johann BehrensJohann Behrens From Erste Europäische Schule für Physiotherapie (H.T.), Ergotherapie und Logopädie, Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Sachsen, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät (H.T., J.B.), Institut für Gesundheits und Pflegewissenschaft, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Wissenschaftliches Institut (J.M.), Private Europäische Medizinische Akademie der Klinik Bavaria in Kreischa GmbH, Kreischa, Germany; Sektion Therapiewissenschaften (J.M.), SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera GmbH, Gera, Germany; Abteilung Neurologie und Fachübergreifende Rehabilitation (M.P.), Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Germany; Abteilung für Neurologische Rehabilitation (C.D.), MEDIAN Klinik Berlin-Kladow, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.D.), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Rehabilitation Science (C.D.), University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. and Christian DohleChristian Dohle From Erste Europäische Schule für Physiotherapie (H.T.), Ergotherapie und Logopädie, Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Sachsen, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät (H.T., J.B.), Institut für Gesundheits und Pflegewissenschaft, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Wissenschaftliches Institut (J.M.), Private Europäische Medizinische Akademie der Klinik Bavaria in Kreischa GmbH, Kreischa, Germany; Sektion Therapiewissenschaften (J.M.), SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera GmbH, Gera, Germany; Abteilung Neurologie und Fachübergreifende Rehabilitation (M.P.), Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Germany; Abteilung für Neurologische Rehabilitation (C.D.), MEDIAN Klinik Berlin-Kladow, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin (C.D.), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Rehabilitation Science (C.D.), University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. Originally published23 Oct 2012https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.673087Stroke. 2013;44:e1–e2Other version(s) of this articleYou are viewing the most recent version of this article. Previous versions: January 1, 2012: Previous Version 1 IntroductionMirror therapy is used to improve motor function after stroke. During mirror therapy, a mirror is placed in the patient’s midsagittal plane, thus reflecting movements of the nonparetic side as if it were the affected side.ObjectivesThis systematic review summarizes the effectiveness of mirror therapy for improving motor function, activities of daily living, pain, and visuospatial neglect in patients after stroke.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Stroke Group’s Trials Register (June 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1950 to June 2011), EMBASE (1980 to June 2011), CINAHL (1982 to June 2011), AMED (1985 to June 2011), PsycINFO (1806 to June 2011), and PEDro (June 2011). We also handsearched relevant conference proceedings, trials, and research registers; checked reference lists; and contacted trialists, researchers, and experts in our field of study. We included randomized controlled trials and randomized crossover trials comparing mirror therapy with any control intervention for patients after stroke. Two review authors independently selected trials based on the inclusion criteria, documented the methodological quality of studies, and extracted data. The primary outcome was motor function. We analyzed the results as standardized mean differences (SMDs) for continuous variables.ResultsWe included 14 studies with a total of 567 participants, which compared mirror therapy with other interventions. When compared with all other interventions, mirror therapy was found to have a significant effect on motor function (postintervention data: SMD 0.61; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.0; P=0.002; change scores: SMD 1.04; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.51; P<0.0001); Figure). However, effects on motor function are influenced by the type of control intervention. Additionally, mirror therapy was found to improve activities of daily living (SMD 0.33; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.60; P=0.02). We found a significant positive effect on pain (SMD −1.10; 95% CI −2.10 to −0.09; P=0.03), which is influenced by patient population. We found limited evidence for improving visuospatial neglect (SMD 1.22; 95% CI 0.24 to 2.19; P=0.01). The effects on motor function were stable at follow-up assessment after 6 months.Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure. Mirror therapy versus all other interventions: motor function at the end of the intervention phase.Implications for PracticeThis review indicates that mirror therapy could be applied at least as an additional intervention in the rehabilitation of patients after stroke, but no clear conclusion can be drawn if mirror therapy should replace other interventions for improving motor function. Furthermore, mirror therapy may improve activities of daily living, but the results must be interpreted with caution because they are based on only four studies. For patients with a complex regional pain syndrome following stroke, mirror therapy seems to be an effective intervention, both for improving motor function and reducing pain. Mirror therapy seems not to influence pain in unselected stroke patients.Implications for ResearchFurther studies should compare mirror therapy with other conventionally applied or newly developed and effective therapies. Additionally, future studies should address specific questions due to the optimal dose, frequency, and duration of mirror therapy; should focus on outcomes in activities of daily living; and should also answer questions about the effects of mirror therapy according to the extent of motor impairment or time since stroke.This article is based on a Cochrane Review published in The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 3 (see http://www.thecochranelibrary.com for information). Cochrane Reviews are regularly updated as new evidence emerges and in response to feedback, and therefore The Cochrane Library should be consulted for the most recent version of the review.1DisclosureDr Thieme is the principal investigator of a trial that may be relevant for the update of this review. He has received and will receive honorarium for presentations and seminars on mirror therapy.Dr Dohle is the first author of one of the included studies on the effect of mirror therapy after stroke. He was not involved in checking this trial for eligibility, extracting data, and assessing the methodological quality of the study. He has received and will receive honorarium for presentations and seminars on mirror therapy and is coauthor of a corresponding therapy manual.Source of FundingThe research was funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany (01KG1025).FootnotesCorrespondence to Holm Thieme, DrPH, Erste Europäische Schule für Physiotherapie, Ergotherapie und Logopädie, Klinik Bavaria Kreischa Dresdner Straße, 12 D–01705 Kreischa, Germany. E-mail [email protected]Reference1. Thieme H, Mehrholz J, Pohl M, Behrens J, Dohle C. Mirror therapy for improving motor function after stroke.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2012;CD008449. 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