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Advanced Hazard Assessment of 4,5,6-Trichloroguaiacol in the Swedish Environment

1989; Springer International Publishing; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/978-3-642-61334-0_12

0172-6161

Alasdair H. Neilson, Hans Blanck, Lárs Förlin, Lars Landner, Peter Pärt, Arno Rosemarin, Maria Söderström,

Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact

A brief account is given of the occurrence and properties of chlorinated guaiacols and catechols formed during production of bleached pulp. Estimates are made of the quantities discharged into the aquatic environment, and a detailed environmental analysis presented of 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol and related compounds. The biotransformation of these compounds is discussed with emphasis on reactions in the aquatic phase, the occurrence of these compounds and their conjugates in biota, and their binding and microbial transformation in the sediment phase. Particular attention has been directed to the role and significance of environmental factors. Procedures for the synthesis, analysis and identification of the compounds discussed are presented. Biological factors regulating exposure are discussed in detail, and include: (i) biotransformation by bacteria, (ii) uptake through fish gills and bioavailability, (iii) salient aspects of bioaccumulation and biomagnification in algae, invertebrates and fish, and (iv) metabolic transformations in fish. Environmental effects are discussed at three levels: the single-species, the community and the systemic. The discussion evaluates effects on algae, the Fucus habitat, the sediment habitat, and on fish. A budget for the mesocosm experiments is presented, and a tentative hazard assessment made. The data presented demonstrate the shortcomings of traditional procedures, and the plethora of significant factors which have emerged from the study. It is demonstrated, for example, that evaluations which neglect the role of metabolic transformations, of transport mechanisms into aquatic organisms, the complexity of distribution among the several compartments of the ecosystem, and sub-acute and secondary biological effects may lead to seriously erroneous conclusions.