Critical depth and marine primary production
1991; Royal Society; Volume: 246; Issue: 1317 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1098/rspb.1991.0146
ISSN1471-2954
AutoresTrevor Platt, David F. Bird, Shubha Sathyendranath,
Tópico(s)Marine Biology and Ecology Research
ResumoRestricted accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Platt Trevor Charles , Bird David F. and Sathyendranath Shubha 1991Critical depth and marine primary productionProc. R. Soc. Lond. B.246205–217http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1991.0146SectionRestricted accessArticleCritical depth and marine primary production Trevor Charles Platt Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , David F. Bird Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Shubha Sathyendranath Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Trevor Charles Platt Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , David F. Bird Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed and Shubha Sathyendranath Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Published:23 December 1991https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1991.0146AbstractThe concept of critical depth, as formulated by Sverdrup (J. Cim. perm. int. Explor. Mer. 18, 287 (1953)) to explain the onset of the spring bloom of phytoplankton, is discussed. Simplifying assumptions (use of a linear photosynthesis-light curve, use of daily averaged irradiance), adopted by Sverdrup in his computation of the growth term, are removed. An exact expression is found for the critical depth in terms of a generalized, biomass-specific, loss term. The loss term is calculated as the sum of contributions from algal respiration and excretion, grazing by micro- and macro-zooplankton, and sedimentation. Critical depth is then estimated using figures typical of the North Atlantic, and a sensitivity analysis is done. The respiratory costs of algal growth and metabolism dominate the generalized loss term. It is pointed out that the Sverdrup critical depth criterion is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the initiation of phytoplankton blooms. As a diagnostic tool, its value is therefore limited. It tells only whether net growth is possible: it tells nothing about how rapidly the phytoplankton will increase. But from the information used to calculate critical depth, it is possible to deduce the rate of increase in algal biomass (or, equivalently, the net production) for the mixed layer. As long as the growth rate is positive, the Sverdrup criterion is respected. This leads to a characteristic timescale for the development of a bloom. When the timescale is short relative to the time between mixing by storms, a bloom can be expected to occur.FootnotesThis text was harvested from a scanned image of the original document using optical character recognition (OCR) software. As such, it may contain errors. Please contact the Royal Society if you find an error you would like to see corrected. Mathematical notations produced through Infty OCR. Previous ArticleNext Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsCited by Jo C, Ryu J, Woo S, Lee W, Kim H and Choi Y (2021) Estimation of ocean export production ratios based on mixed layer depth and satellite chlorophyll observations, Regional Studies in Marine Science, 10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101816, 45, (101816), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021. Martin A, Pearson H, Saba G and Olsen E (2021) Integral functions of marine vertebrates in the ocean carbon cycle and climate change mitigation, One Earth, 10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.019, 4:5, (680-693), Online publication date: 1-May-2021. Giannini F, Mendes C, Garcia C, Carvalho A and Ciotti A (2021) Phytoplankton community and the fluorescence-derived photo-physiological parameters in the South Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Marine Systems, 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103538, 218, (103538), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021. Das K, Roy P, Karmakar P and Sarkar S (2016) Role of Viral Infection in Controlling Planktonic Blooms-Conclusion Drawn from a Mathematical Model of Phytoplankton-Zooplankton System, Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, 10.1007/s12591-016-0332-8, 28:2, (381-400), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2020. Rumyantseva A, Henson S, Martin A, Thompson A, Damerell G, Kaiser J and Heywood K (2019) Phytoplankton spring bloom initiation: The impact of atmospheric forcing and light in the temperate North Atlantic Ocean, Progress in Oceanography, 10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102202, 178, (102202), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2019. Garcia-Rojas M, Jenner K, Gill P, Jenner M, Sutton A and McCauley R (2018) Environmental evidence for a pygmy blue whale aggregation area in the Subtropical Convergence Zone south of Australia, Marine Mammal Science, 10.1111/mms.12494, 34:4, (901-923), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2018. Behrenfeld M and Boss E (2017) Student's tutorial on bloom hypotheses in the context of phytoplankton annual cycles, Global Change Biology, 10.1111/gcb.13858, 24:1, (55-77), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2018. Lischke B, Mehner T, Hilt S, Attermeyer K, Brauns M, Brothers S, Grossart H, Köhler J, Scharnweber K and Gaedke U (2017) Benthic carbon is inefficiently transferred in the food webs of two eutrophic shallow lakes, Freshwater Biology, 10.1111/fwb.12979, 62:10, (1693-1706), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2017. Hewes C (2017) Net photosynthetic growth as controlled by dynamic light regimes, Journal of Plankton Research, 10.1093/plankt/fbx052, 39:6, (930-942), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2017. Mantikci M, Hansen J and Markager S (2017) Photosynthesis enhanced dark respiration in three marine phytoplankton species, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 10.1016/j.jembe.2017.09.015, 497, (188-196), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2017. Krug L, Platt T, Sathyendranath S and Barbosa A (2017) Ocean surface partitioning strategies using ocean colour remote Sensing: A review, Progress in Oceanography, 10.1016/j.pocean.2017.05.013, 155, (41-53), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2017. Liu C, Zhai L, Zeeman S, Eisner L, Gann J, Mordy C, Moran S and Lomas M (2016) Seasonal and geographic variations in modeled primary production and phytoplankton losses from the mixed layer between warm and cold years on the eastern Bering Sea shelf, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.07.008, 134, (141-156), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2016. Lischke B, Weithoff G, Wickham S, Attermeyer K, Grossart H, Scharnweber K, HIlt S and Gaedke U (2015) Large biomass of small feeders: ciliates may dominate herbivory in eutrophic lakes, Journal of Plankton Research, 10.1093/plankt/fbv102, 38:1, (2-15), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2016. Niu L, van Gelder P, Zhang C, Guan Y and Vrijling J (2016) Physical control of phytoplankton bloom development in the coastal waters of Jiangsu (China), Ecological Modelling, 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.10.008, 321, (75-83), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2016. Brody S, Lozier M and Mahadevan A (2016) Quantifying the impact of submesoscale processes on the spring phytoplankton bloom in a turbulent upper ocean using a Lagrangian approach, Geophysical Research Letters, 10.1002/2016GL068051, 43:10, (5160-5169), Online publication date: 28-May-2016. Kovač Ž, Platt T, Sathyendranath S and Morović M (2016) Analytical solution for the vertical profile of daily production in the ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 10.1002/2015JC011293, 121:5, (3532-3548), Online publication date: 1-May-2016. George J, Lonsdale D, Merlo L and Gobler C (2014) The interactive roles of temperature, nutrients, and zooplankton grazing in controlling the winter-spring phytoplankton bloom in a temperate, coastal ecosystem, Long Island Sound, Limnology and Oceanography, 10.1002/lno.10020, 60:1, (110-126), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2015. Lamont T and Barlow R (2015) Environmental influence on phytoplankton production during summer on the KwaZulu-Natal shelf of the Agulhas ecosystem, African Journal of Marine Science, 10.2989/1814232X.2015.1108228, 37:4, (485-501), Online publication date: 18-Dec-2015. Walter B, Peters J, van Beusekom J and St. John M (2014) Interactive effects of temperature and light during deep convection: a case study on growth and condition of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 10.1093/icesjms/fsu218, 72:6, (2061-2071), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2015. Liu B and de Swart H (2015) Impact of river discharge on phytoplankton bloom dynamics in eutrophic estuaries: A model study, Journal of Marine Systems, 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.07.007, 152, (64-74), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2015. Thomalla S, Racault M, Swart S and Monteiro P (2015) High-resolution view of the spring bloom initiation and net community production in the Subantarctic Southern Ocean using glider data, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 10.1093/icesjms/fsv105, 72:6, (1999-2020), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2015. Wiltshire K, Boersma M, Carstens K, Kraberg A, Peters S and Scharfe M (2015) Control of phytoplankton in a shelf sea: Determination of the main drivers based on the Helgoland Roads Time Series, Journal of Sea Research, 10.1016/j.seares.2015.06.022, 105, (42-52), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2015. Kuhn A, Fennel K and Mattern J (2015) Model investigations of the North Atlantic spring bloom initiation, Progress in Oceanography, 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.07.004, 138, (176-193), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2015. Chiswell S, Calil P and Boyd P (2015) Spring blooms and annual cycles of phytoplankton: a unified perspective, Journal of Plankton Research, 10.1093/plankt/fbv021, 37:3, (500-508), Online publication date: 1-May-2015. Marra J, Dickey T, Plueddemann A, Weller R, Kinkade C and Stramska M (2015) Phytoplankton bloom phenomena in the North Atlantic Ocean and Arabian Sea, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 10.1093/icesjms/fsu241, 72:6, (2021-2028), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2015. Cherkasheva A, Bracher A, Melsheimer C, Köberle C, Gerdes R, Nöthig E, Bauerfeind E and Boetius A (2014) Influence of the physical environment on polar phytoplankton blooms: A case study in the Fram Strait, Journal of Marine Systems, 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.11.008, 132, (196-207), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2014. González Taboada F and Anadón R (2014) Seasonality of North Atlantic phytoplankton from space: impact of environmental forcing on a changing phenology (1998-2012), Global Change Biology, 10.1111/gcb.12352, 20:3, (698-712), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2014. Behrenfeld M and Boss E (2014) Resurrecting the Ecological Underpinnings of Ocean Plankton Blooms, Annual Review of Marine Science, 10.1146/annurev-marine-052913-021325, 6:1, (167-194), Online publication date: 3-Jan-2014. Brothers S, Hilt S, Meyer S and Köhler J (2013) Plant community structure determines primary productivity in shallow, eutrophic lakes, Freshwater Biology, 10.1111/fwb.12207, (n/a-n/a), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2013. Bagøien E, Melle W and Kaartvedt S (2012) Seasonal development of mixed layer depths, nutrients, chlorophyll and Calanus finmarchicus in the Norwegian Sea – A basin-scale habitat comparison, Progress in Oceanography, 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.04.014, 103, (58-79), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2012. Qinghua C and Zhiyu S (2012) Water environment and aquatic ecosystem of Three Gorges Reservoir, China:progress and prospects, Journal of Lake Sciences, 10.18307/2012.0201, 24:2, (169-177), . Racault M, Le Quéré C, Buitenhuis E, Sathyendranath S and Platt T (2012) Phytoplankton phenology in the global ocean, Ecological Indicators, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.010, 14:1, (152-163), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2012. Hadfield M (2011) Expected and observed conditions during the SAGE iron addition experiment in Subantarctic waters, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.016, 58:6, (764-775), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2011. Shadwick E, Thomas H, Azetsu-Scott K, Greenan B, Head E and Horne E (2011) Seasonal variability of dissolved inorganic carbon and surface water pCO2 in the Scotian Shelf region of the Northwestern Atlantic, Marine Chemistry, 10.1016/j.marchem.2010.11.004, 124:1-4, (23-37), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2011. Platt T, Sathyendranath S, White G, Fuentes-Yaco C, Zhai L, Devred E and Tang C (2009) Diagnostic Properties of Phytoplankton Time Series from Remote Sensing, Estuaries and Coasts, 10.1007/s12237-009-9161-0, 33:2, (428-439), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2010. Zhai L, Platt T, Tang C, Sathyendranath S, Fuentes-Yaco C, Devred E and Wu Y (2010) Seasonal and geographic variations in phytoplankton losses from the mixed layer on the Northwest Atlantic Shelf, Journal of Marine Systems, 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.09.005, 80:1-2, (36-46), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2010. Behrenfeld M (2010) Abandoning Sverdrup's Critical Depth Hypothesis on phytoplankton blooms, Ecology, 10.1890/09-1207.1, 91:4, (977-989), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2010. van Ruth P, Ganf G and Ward T (2010) The influence of mixing on primary productivity: A unique application of classical critical depth theory, Progress in Oceanography, 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.03.002, 85:3-4, (224-235), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2010. van Ruth P, Ganf G and Ward T (2010) Hot-spots of primary productivity: An Alternative interpretation to Conventional upwelling models, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.08.009, 90:3, (142-158), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2010. Tian T, Merico A, Su J, Staneva J, Wiltshire K and Wirtz K (2009) Importance of resuspended sediment dynamics for the phytoplankton spring bloom in a coastal marine ecosystem, Journal of Sea Research, 10.1016/j.seares.2009.04.001, 62:4, (214-228), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2009. Norrbin F, Eilertsen H and Degerlund M (2009) Vertical distribution of primary producers and zooplankton grazers during different phases of the Arctic spring bloom, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.11.006, 56:21-22, (1945-1958), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2009. Alvarez E, Nogueira E, Acuna J, Lopez-Alvarez M and Sostres J (2009) Short-term dynamics of late-winter phytoplankton blooms in a temperate ecosystem (Central Cantabrian Sea, Southern Bay of Biscay), Journal of Plankton Research, 10.1093/plankt/fbp012, 31:6, (601-617), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2009. Kampel M, Sathyendranath S, Platt T and Gaeta S (2009) Satellite estimates of phytoplankton primary production at santos bight, southwestern-south Atlantic: Comparison of algorithms 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5418066, 978-1-4244-3394-0, (II-286-II-289) Jackson G (2008) Effect of mixed layer depth on phytoplankton removal by coagulation and on the critical depth concept, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.004, 55:6, (766-776), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2008. Zhai L, Platt T, Tang C, Dowd M, Sathyendranath S and Forget M (2008) Estimation of phytoplankton loss rate by remote sensing, Geophysical Research Letters, 10.1029/2008GL035666, 35:23 Platt T and Sathyendranath S (2008) Ecological indicators for the pelagic zone of the ocean from remote sensing, Remote Sensing of Environment, 10.1016/j.rse.2007.10.016, 112:8, (3426-3436), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2008. Gameiro C, Cartaxana P and Brotas V (2007) Environmental drivers of phytoplankton distribution and composition in Tagus Estuary, Portugal, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.05.014, 75:1-2, (21-34), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2007. Eilertsen H and Frantzen S (2007) Phytoplankton from two sub-Arctic fjords in northern Norway 2002–2004: I. Seasonal variations in chlorophyll a and bloom dynamics , Marine Biology Research, 10.1080/17451000701632877, 3:5, (319-332), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2007. Wu Y, Peterson I, Tang C, Platt T, Sathyendranath S and Fuentes-Yaco C (2007) The impact of sea ice on the initiation of the spring bloom on the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelves, Journal of Plankton Research, 10.1093/plankt/fbm035, 29:6, (509-514), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2007. Gruber N, Frenzel H, Doney S, Marchesiello P, McWilliams J, Moisan J, Oram J, Plattner G and Stolzenbach K (2006) Eddy-resolving simulation of plankton ecosystem dynamics in the California Current System, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 10.1016/j.dsr.2006.06.005, 53:9, (1483-1516), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2006. Henson S, Robinson I, Allen J and Waniek J (2006) Effect of meteorological conditions on interannual variability in timing and magnitude of the spring bloom in the Irminger Basin, North Atlantic, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 10.1016/j.dsr.2006.07.009, 53:10, (1601-1615), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2006. Mukhopadhyay B and Bhattacharyya R (2006) Modelling phytoplankton allelopathy in a nutrient-plankton model with spatial heterogeneity, Ecological Modelling, 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.005, 198:1-2, (163-173), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2006. MORDY C, STABENO P, LADD C, ZEEMAN S, WISEGARVER D, SALO S and HUNT G (2005) Nutrients and primary production along the eastern Aleutian Island Archipelago, Fisheries Oceanography, 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00364.x, 14:s1, (55-76), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2005. Singh B, Chattopadhyay J and Sinha S (2004) The role of virus infection in a simple phytoplankton zooplankton system, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.06.010, 231:2, (153-166), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2004. Platt T, Broomhead D, Sathyendranath S, Edwards A and Murphy E (2003) Phytoplankton biomass and residual nitrate in the pelagic ecosystem, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 10.1098/rspa.2002.1079, 459:2033, (1063-1073), Online publication date: 8-May-2003. Wiggert J, Murtugudde R and McClain C (2002) Processes controlling interannual variations in wintertime (Northeast Monsoon) primary productivity in the central Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00039-5, 49:12, (2319-2343), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2002. Lucas L, Cloern J, Thompson J and Monsen N (2002) FUNCTIONAL VARIABILITY OF HABITATS WITHIN THE SACRAMENTO–SAN JOAQUIN DELTA: RESTORATION IMPLICATIONS, Ecological Applications, 10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1528:FVOHWT]2.0.CO;2, 12:5, (1528-1547), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2002. Huisman J, Arrayás M, Ebert U and Sommeijer B (2002) How Do Sinking Phytoplankton Species Manage to Persist?, The American Naturalist, 10.1086/338511, 159:3, (245-254), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2002. Robinson C, Serret P, Tilstone G, Teira E, Zubkov M, Rees A and Woodward E (2002) Plankton respiration in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00083-8, 49:5, (787-813), Online publication date: 1-May-2002. Gardner W, Blakey J, Walsh I, Richardson M, Pegau S, Zaneveld J, Roesler C, Gregg M, MacKinnon J, Sosik H and Williams A (2001) Optics, particles, stratification, and storms on the New England continental shelf, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 10.1029/2000JC900161, 106:C5, (9473-9497), Online publication date: 15-May-2001. Hood R, Subramaniam A, May L, Carpenter E and Capone D (2001) Remote estimation of nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00097-2, 49:1-3, (123-147), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2001. Gibbs M (2001) Sedimentation, suspension, and resuspension in Tasman Bay and Beatrix Bay, New Zealand, two contrasting coastal environments which thermally stratify in summer, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 10.1080/00288330.2001.9517056, 35:5, (951-970), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2001. de Jonge V (2000) Importance of temporal and spatial scales in applying biological and physical process knowledge in coastal management, an example for the Ems estuary, Continental Shelf Research, 10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00042-X, 20:12-13, (1655-1686), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2000. Eilertsen H and Holm-Hansen O (2000) Effects of high latitude UV radiation on phytoplankton and nekton modelled from field measurements by simple algorithms, Polar Research, 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2000.tb00341.x, 19:2, (173-182), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2000. Eilertsen H and Holm-Hansen O (2016) Effects of high latitude UV radiation on phytoplankton and nekton modelled from field measurements by simple algorithms, Polar Research, 10.3402/polar.v19i2.6543, 19:2, (173-182), Online publication date: 12-Jan-2000. Huisman J (1999) POPULATION DYNAMICS OF LIGHT-LIMITED PHYTOPLANKTON: MICROCOSM EXPERIMENTS, Ecology, 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[0202:PDOLLP]2.0.CO;2, 80:1, (202-210), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1999. Huisman J, van Oostveen P and Weissing F (1999) Species Dynamics in Phytoplankton Blooms: Incomplete Mixing and Competition for Light, The American Naturalist, 10.1086/303220, 154:1, (46-68), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1999. Li M and Garrett C (1998) Large eddies in the surface mixed layer and their effects on mixing, dispersion and biological cycling Physical Processes in Lakes and Oceans, 10.1029/CE054p0061, (61-86) Bleiker W and Schanz F (1997) Light climate as the key factor controlling the spring dynamics of phytoplankton in Lake Zürich, Aquatic Sciences, 10.1007/BF02523177, 59:2, (135-157), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1997. Obata A, Ishizaka J and Endoh M (1996) Global verification of critical depth theory for phytoplankton bloom with climatological in situ temperature and satellite ocean color data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 10.1029/96JC01734, 101:C9, (20657-20667), Online publication date: 15-Sep-1996. Yoshimori A, Ishizaka J, Kono T, Kasai H, Saito H, Kishi M and Taguchi S (1995) Modeling of spring bloom in the western subarctic Pacific (off Japan) with observed vertical density structure, Journal of Oceanography, 10.1007/BF02286393, 51:4, (471-488), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1995. Platt T, Woods J, Sathyendranath S and Barkmann W (2013) Net Primary Production & Stratification in the Ocean The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, 10.1029/GM085p0247, (247-254) Falkowski P (1994) The role of phytoplankton photosynthesis in global biogeochemical cycles, Photosynthesis Research, 10.1007/BF00014586, 39:3, (235-258), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1994. Malchow H (1997) Spatio-temporal pattern formation in nonlinear non-equilibrium plankton dynamics, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 251:1331, (103-109), Online publication date: 22-Feb-1993. Steele J and Henderson E (1993) The Significance of Interannual Variability Towards a Model of Ocean Biogeochemical Processes, 10.1007/978-3-642-84602-1_12, (237-260), . WOODS J and BARKMANN W (1993) Diatom demography in winter – simulated by the Lagrangian Ensemble method, Fisheries Oceanography, 10.1111/j.1365-2419.1993.tb00136.x, 2:3-4, (202-222), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1993. Weeks A, Fasham M, Aiken J, Harbour D, Read J and Bellan I (2009) The spatial and temporal development of the spring bloom during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, 1989, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 10.1017/S0025315400032847, 73:2, (253-282), Online publication date: 1-May-1993. Platt T and Sathyendranath S (1993) Estimators of primary production for interpretation of remotely sensed data on ocean color, Journal of Geophysical Research, 10.1029/93JC01001, 98:C8, (14561) Lachkar Z and Gruber N (2012) A comparative study of biological production in eastern boundary upwelling systems using an artificial neural network, Biogeosciences, 10.5194/bg-9-293-2012, 9:1, (293-308) Ferreira A, Hátún H, Counillon F, Payne M and Visser A (2015) Synoptic-scale analysis of mechanisms driving surface chlorophyll dynamics in the North Atlantic, Biogeosciences, 10.5194/bg-12-3641-2015, 12:11, (3641-3653) Shadwick E, Thomas H, Comeau A, Craig S, Hunt C and Salisbury J (2010) Air-Sea CO 2 fluxes on the Scotian Shelf: seasonal to multi-annual variability, Biogeosciences, 10.5194/bg-7-3851-2010, 7:11, (3851-3867) Browning T, Stone K, Bouman H, Mather T, Pyle D, Moore C and Martinez-Vicente V (2015) Volcanic ash supply to the surface ocean—remote sensing of biological responses and their wider biogeochemical significance, Frontiers in Marine Science, 10.3389/fmars.2015.00014, 2 Kovač Ž, Platt T, Sathyendranath S and Lomas M (2018) Extraction of Photosynthesis Parameters from Time Series Measurements of In Situ Production: Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study, Remote Sensing, 10.3390/rs10060915, 10:6, (915) Kovač Ž, Platt T, Antunović S, Sathyendranath S, Morović M and Gallegos C (2017) Extended Formulations and Analytic Solutions for Watercolumn Production Integrals, Frontiers in Marine Science, 10.3389/fmars.2017.00163, 4 Kovač Ž, Platt T, Sathyendranath S and Oliver M (2021) Sverdrup meets Lambert: analytical solution for Sverdrup's critical depth, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 10.1093/icesjms/fsab013 This Issue23 December 1991Volume 246Issue 1317 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1991.0146Published by:Royal SocietyPrint ISSN:0962-8452Online ISSN:1471-2954History: Manuscript received13/06/1991Manuscript accepted23/09/1991Published online01/01/1997Published in print23/12/1991 License:Scanned images copyright © 2017, Royal Society Citations and impact Large datasets are available through Proceedings B's partnership with Dryad
Referência(s)