120TH ANNIVERSARY OF SEISMOLOGY IN BULGARIA: MILESTONES, DEVELOPMENT AND ACHIEVEMENTS
2014; Industrial University of Santander; Volume: 36; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
ISSN
2145-8553
Autores Tópico(s)Geological and Geochemical Analysis
ResumoABSTRACT The territory of Bulgaria is situated in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, South-Eastern Europe, being a part of the Alpo-Himalayan seismic belt. The most important cities in Bulgaria lie in the vicinity of Neogene-Quaternary active faults. Due to these circumstances organized monitoring of earthquakes as well as development of seismological practice started in Bulgaria at the end of 19th century. The foundation of seismology in Bulgaria was laid in 1891 by the meteorologist and also the frst Bulgarian seismologist Spas Watzof, later honored with academic rank. Spas Watzof founded and organized a well managed service for regular observation of co-seismic and post-seismic effects of earthquakes. Soon after, in 1903, Bulgaria was accepted as a member of the International Seismological Association (the predecessor of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior - IASPEI). It should be noted that foreign experts demonstrated scientifc interest in cases of strong earthquakes that took place on the territory of Bulgaria in the beginning of 20thcentury (Hornes, 1904; Grablovitz, 1904; Mihailovich, 1933; Richter, 1958) as well as on using instrumental records made in Bulgaria for their revolutionary discoveries (Reid, 1910; Mohorovicic, 1910). At present Bulgaria participates in international activities in the frames of the European Seismological Commission (ESC) – a regional commission of the IASPEI, the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN), the Balkan Geophysical Society and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). On occasion of the 120thanniversary of the seismology in Bulgaria it is reasonably the results of studies covering such a long period and published in international and Bulgarian journals and monographs to be summarized and presented herein. The summary of the milestones, development and achievements in the feld of Macroseismology, Instrumental seismology and Geodynamics in Bulgaria is chronologically presented. The paper aims also to spread more effectively the Bulgarian scientifc information abroad as well as to popularize some seismic peculiarities and phenomena in the central-eastern Balkan Peninsula. Keywords: Bulgaria, seismotectonics, macroseismology, historical seismology, instrumental seismology, seismic hazard, regional and world geodynamics. 120° ANIVERSARIO DE LA SISMOLOGIA EN BULGARIA: HITOS, DESARROLLO Y LOGROS RESUMEN El territorio de Bulgaria esta situado en la parte oriental de la peninsula de los Balcanes, al sureste de Europa, siendo una parte del cinturon sismico Alpes-Himalaya. Las ciudades mas importantes de Bulgaria se encuentran en las inmediaciones de las fallas activas del Neogeno-Cuaternario. Debido a estas circunstancias, el monitoreo organizado de terremotos, asi como el desarrollo de la practica sismologica inicio en Bulgaria a fnales del siglo XIX. La fundacion de la sismologia en Bulgaria ocurrio en 1891 por el meteorologo y tambien el primer sismologo bulgaro Spas Watzof, posteriormente honrado con rango academico. Spas Watzof fundo y organizo un servicio bien direccionado para la observacion regular de los efectos co-sismicos y pro-sismicos de los terremotos. Poco despues, en 1903, Bulgaria fue aceptada como miembro de la Asociacion Sismologica Internacional - ISA (predecesora de la Asociacion Internacional de Sismologia y Fisica del Interior de la Tierra - IASPEI). Es importante anotar que expertos extranjeros demostraron interes cientifco en casos de fuertes terremotos que tuvieron lugar en el territorio bulgaro a inicios del siglo XX (Hornes, 1904; Grablovitz, 1904; Mihailovich, 1933; Richter, 1958), asi como en el uso de registros instrumentales hechos en Bulgaria por sus descubrimientos revolucionarios (Reid, 1910; Mohorovicic, 1910). Actualmente, Bulgaria participa en actividades internacionales en el marco de la Comision Sismologica Europea (ESC) – una comision regional de la IASPEI, la Federacion Internacional de Redes Digitales de Sismografos (FDSN), La Sociedad Geofisica Balcanica y la Organizacion Integral de Tratados de Prohibicion de Pruebas Nucleares (CTBTO). La sismologia en Bulgaria celebra su 120oaniversario y es razonable que los resultados de los estudios realizados en este periodo tan largo y publicado en revistas y monografias internacionales y bulgaras sea resumido y presentados aqui. Se presenta cronologicamente el resumen de hitos, desarrollos y logros en el campo de la Macrosismologia, Sismologia Instrumental y Geodinamica en Bulgaria. El documento trata tambien de difundir mas efectivamente la informacion cientifca bulgara mas alla de sus fronteras e igualmente divulgar algunas peculiaridades y fenomenos sismicos de la parte centro-oriental de la peninsula Balcanica. Palabras Clave: Bulgaria, sismotectonica, macrosismologia, sismologia historica, sismologia instrumental, amenaza sismica, geodinamica regional y mundial. Suggested citation: Glavcheva, R., and Matova, M. 2014. 120thanniversary of seismology in Bulgaria: milestones, development and achievements. Boletin de Geologia, 36 (2): 125-158.
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