Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

The Incumbency Advantage in U.S. Elections: An Analysis of State and Federal Offices, 1942–2000

2002; Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; Volume: 1; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1089/153312902760137578

1557-8062

Stephen Ansolabehere, James M. Snyder,

Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth

Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and PolicyVol. 1, No. 3 Original PapersThe Incumbency Advantage in U.S. Elections: An Analysis of State and Federal Offices, 1942–2000Stephen Ansolabehere and James M. SnyderJrStephen AnsolabehereSearch for more papers by this author and James M. SnyderJrSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:6 Jul 2004https://doi.org/10.1089/153312902760137578AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byIs Incumbency Advantage Gendered?16 February 2022 | Legislative Studies Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 1Politikversagen und Lobbyismus14 February 2023There's (rarely) a new sheriff in town: The incumbency advantage for local law enforcementElectoral Studies, Vol. 80Is There an Ideological Asymmetry in the Incumbency Effect? Evidence From U.S. Congressional Elections26 October 2021 | Social Psychological and Personality Science, Vol. 13, No. 6Political polarization and primary electionsJournal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 200Voter conformism and inefficient policies19 February 2022 | Social Choice and Welfare, Vol. 59, No. 1Two-party competition in the United States: Reversed growth trends24 June 2022 | Party Politics, Vol. 24The nationalization of school superintendent elections2 April 2022 | Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 103, No. 3Why do lawmakers seek to sanction state courts?17 January 2021 | The Journal of Legislative Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2Does Incumbency Matter?National Review of Black Politics, Vol. 3, No. 1-2Pass the buck or the buck stops here? The public costs of claiming and deflecting blame in managing crises17 May 2021 | Journal of Public Policy, Vol. 42, No. 1Voters’ Distance, Information Bias and Politicians’ Salary1 February 2022 | Italian Economic Journal, Vol. 1The Incumbency Advantage in Judicial Elections: Evidence from Partisan Trial Court Elections in Six U.S. States8 January 2022 | Political Behavior, Vol. 1Politikversagen und Lobbyismus29 June 2022Sources of the Incumbency (Dis)Advantage1 January 2022 | Brazilian Political Science Review, Vol. 16, No. 1Tilting at windmills? Electoral repercussions of wind turbine projects in MinnesotaEnergy Policy, Vol. 159Political Gold: The Australian Sports Grants Scandal17 November 2021 | Political Studies, Vol. 7Life, Literacy, and the Pursuit of Prosperity: Party Competition and Policy Outcomes in 50 States2 August 2021 | American Political Science Review, Vol. 115, No. 4The effects of political competition on the funding of public‐sector pension plans6 November 2020 | Financial Management, Vol. 50, No. 3The measurement of partisan sorting for 180 million voters8 March 2021 | Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 5, No. 8Explaining Uncontested Seats in Congress and State Legislatures6 October 2020 | American Politics Research, Vol. 49, No. 3Biden vs Trump: Modeling US General Elections Using BERT Language ModelIEEE Access, Vol. 9The effect of public financing on candidate reemergence and success in electionsEuropean Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 65Voting with your feet: Political competition and internal migration in the United StatesEuropean Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 65Friends, neighbors, and sponsors in the 2016 French primary election. Revisiting a classical hypothesis from aggregated-level dataPolitical Geography, Vol. 83Policy Inertia, Election Uncertainty, and Incumbency Disadvantage of Political Parties11 March 2020 | The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 87, No. 6Quid Pro Quo? Corporate Returns to Campaign ContributionsThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 82, No. 3Political or Financial Benefits? Ideology, Tenure, and Parliamentarians’ Choice of Interest Group Ties16 February 2020 | Swiss Political Science Review, Vol. 26, No. 1Nationalization in U.S. Senate and Gubernatorial Elections7 August 2018 | American Politics Research, Vol. 47, No. 5Political party tenure and MNE location choices28 February 2019 | Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 50, No. 6Laboratories of Democracy: Policy Experimentation under DecentralizationAmerican Economic Journal: Microeconomics, Vol. 11, No. 3The conditioning role of polarization in U.S. senate election outcomes: A direct-election era & voter-level analysisElectoral Studies, Vol. 59Local Elections and Representation in the United StatesAnnual Review of Political Science, Vol. 22, No. 1Explaining the Australian marriage equality vote: An aggregate-level analysis28 December 2018 | Politics, Vol. 39, No. 2Women of color candidates: examining emergence and success in state legislative elections20 December 2018 | Politics, Groups, and Identities, Vol. 7, No. 2Donald F. Kettl , Can Government Earn Our Trust? (Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2017). 144 pp. $10.99 (e‐Book), ISBN: 9781509522491. Roberts, Alasdair , Can Government Do Anything Right? (Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2018). 144 pp. $8.99 (e‐Book), ISBN: 978150952151725 February 2019 | Public Administration Review, Vol. 79, No. 2Political uncertainty and the geographic allocation of credit: Evidence from small businessesSSRN Electronic JournalThe effect of incumbency in national and local elections: Evidence from South KoreaElectoral Studies, Vol. 56The optimal allocation of campaign funds in U.S. House electionsElectoral Studies, Vol. 56Electoral Imbalances and Their ConsequencesThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 80, No. 4Democratic incumbent resilience in the post-1980 Senate12 October 2018 | Research & Politics, Vol. 5, No. 4Estimating Incumbency Effects Using Regression Discontinuity Design22 November 2018 | Research & Politics, Vol. 5, No. 4Mapping Inequalities in Local Political Representation: Evidence from Ohio School Boards14 December 2018 | AERA Open, Vol. 4, No. 4States Testing the Legal Limits: The Effect of Electoral Competition on the Constitutionality of State Statutes25 January 2021 | State Politics & Policy Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 3Strategic budgets in sequential elimination contests14 March 2018 | Journal of Public Economic Theory, Vol. 20, No. 4The Economic Consequences of Political Donation Limits28 November 2017 | Economica, Vol. 85, No. 339A Bayesian explanation for the effect of incumbencyElectoral Studies, Vol. 53The Influence of Incumbency and Partisanship on Fenno’s Paradox: Evidence from Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan8 March 2017 | Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 53, No. 4Steigert die Rezeption von TV-Duellen das Vertrauen in die Spitzenkandidaten?22 March 2018 | Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Vol. 28, No. 1Lame ducks and divided government: How voters control the unaccountableJournal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 46, No. 1Candidate Effects in Korea National Assembly election: Focusing on the Re-running Electoral EffectJOURNAL OF FUTURE POLITICS, Vol. 8, No. 1Campaign Finance, Economics of15 February 2018Off-Cycle and Out of Office: Election Timing and the Incumbency AdvantageThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 80, No. 1Do More Efficient Taxes Lead to Bigger Government?: Evidence from the Introduction of Withholding for the State Personal Income TaxSSRN Electronic JournalCondorcet Jury Theorem in a Spatial Model of ElectionsSSRN Electronic JournalParty polarization, political alignment, and federal grant spending at the state level1 September 2017 | Economics of Governance, Vol. 18, No. 4Brute force effects of mass media presence and social media activity on electoral outcome21 September 2017 | Journal of Information Technology & Politics, Vol. 14, No. 4Quality-Based Explanations of Incumbency EffectsThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 79, No. 4The Role of the Information Environment in Partisan VotingThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 79, No. 4Campaign Contributions from Corporate Executives in Lieu of Political Action Committees14 August 2017 | The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Vol. 33, No. 3Party Polarization in Legislatures with Office-Motivated Candidates*27 April 2017 | The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 132, No. 3Do Incumbents Take Advantages in Highly Restricted Elections? Empirical Analysis on Cooperative Union Presidential Election in 2015 National Agricultural Cooperative FederationJOURNAL OF FUTURE POLITICS, Vol. 7, No. 2Informal politics: the role of Congressional letters in legislative behaviour and careers23 August 2017 | The Journal of Legislative Studies, Vol. 23, No. 3Campaign Perceptions of Electoral Closeness: Uncertainty, Fear and Over-Confidence22 September 2015 | British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 47, No. 3Incumbency Effects and the Strength of Party Preferences: Evidence from Multiparty Elections in the United KingdomThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 79, No. 3Higher bars for incumbents and experience12 October 2016 | Journal of Theoretical Politics, Vol. 29, No. 3Fixed versus flexible election terms: explaining innovation in the timing of Canada’s election cycle2 February 2017 | Constitutional Political Economy, Vol. 28, No. 2The incumbency disadvantage in South Korean National Assembly elections: Evidence from a regression discontinuity approachElectoral Studies, Vol. 46Long-Term Consequences of Election Results20 July 2015 | British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 47, No. 2Regulation and Upper Class Bias in Campaign Finance Systems Christopher Witko1 March 2017 | Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, Vol. 16, No. 1Improving election prediction internationallyScience, Vol. 355, No. 6324Incumbent-challenger and open-seat elections in a spatial model of political competition21 October 2016 | Public Choice, Vol. 170, No. 1-2Off-Cycle and Out of Office: Election Timing and the Incumbency AdvantageSSRN Electronic JournalThe Perverse Politics of PolarizationSSRN Electronic JournalSocial media and electoral forecasts: sources of bias and meta-analysisVoting and Elections: New Social Science PerspectivesAnnual Review of Law and Social Science, Vol. 12, No. 1The voter’s blunt tool9 July 2016 | Journal of Theoretical Politics, Vol. 28, No. 4Politics and Investment: Examining the Territorial Allocation of Public Investment in Greece5 March 2015 | Regional Studies, Vol. 50, No. 7Electoral effects of candidate valenceElectoral Studies, Vol. 42The Power of an Hour: Effects of Candidate Time Expenditure in State Legislative Elections25 April 2016 | Legislative Studies Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 2Increasing rents and incumbency disadvantage9 June 2015 | Journal of Theoretical Politics, Vol. 28, No. 2Demand and Supply: Racial and Ethnic Minority Candidates in White Districts27 January 2016 | The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, Vol. 1, No. 1The Bright Side of Political Uncertainty: The Case of R&DSSRN Electronic JournalPork Barrel as a Signaling Tool: The Case of US Environmental PolicySSRN Electronic JournalThe Effect of Incumbency in National and Local Elections: Evidence from South KoreaSSRN Electronic JournalCongressional seniority and pork: A pig fat myth?European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 40Bringing the incumbency advantage into question for proportional representationElectoral Studies, Vol. 40College football, elections, and false-positive results in observational research26 October 2015 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, No. 45How Much of the Incumbency Advantage is Due to Scare-Off?4 February 2015 | Political Science Research and Methods, Vol. 3, No. 3The dynamics of public investment under persistent electoral advantageReview of Economic Dynamics, Vol. 18, No. 3Assessing the External Validity of Election RD Estimates: An Investigation of the Incumbency AdvantageThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 77, No. 3It’s Nothing Personal: The Decline of the Incumbency Advantage in US House ElectionsThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 77, No. 3State Constitutional Commitment to Health and Health Care and Population Health Outcomes: Evidence From Historical US DataAmerican Journal of Public Health, Vol. 105, No. S3Incumbency advantage in a proportional electoral system: A regression discontinuity analysis of Irish electionsEuropean Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 38Why Voters Supported the Incumbents : The Case of 2014 Local Election in South KoreaJournal of Local Government Studis, Vol. 27, No. 2How Do Campaigns Matter?Annual Review of Political Science, Vol. 18, No. 1Partisan Imbalance in Regression Discontinuity Studies Based on Electoral Thresholds9 December 2014 | Political Science Research and Methods, Vol. 3, No. 2The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation and Welfare Composition of Spending on Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from US Gubernatorial Elections between 1978 and 200623 July 2014 | New Political Economy, Vol. 20, No. 2Randomization Inference in the Regression Discontinuity Design: An Application to Party Advantages in the U.S. SenateJournal of Causal Inference, Vol. 3, No. 1Political Rights in the Age of Migration: Lessons from the United States25 April 2014 | Journal of International Migration and Integration, Vol. 16, No. 1Incumbent-Quality Advantage and Counterfactual Electoral Stagnation in the US Senate7 August 2014 | Politics, Vol. 35, No. 1The Political Geography of the Federal Public Debt in BelgiumSSRN Electronic JournalError Duration Models: A New Justification for Fractional Integration in Political Time SeriesSSRN Electronic JournalDoes Good Economics Make for Good Politics? Evidence from Indian StatesSSRN Electronic JournalRisk Attitudes and the Incumbency Advantage22 October 2013 | Political Behavior, Vol. 36, No. 4Fundamental models for forecasting elections at the state levelElectoral Studies, Vol. 35Gekommen, um zu bleiben - der Amtsinhaberbonus bei kantonalen Exekutivwahlen18 June 2014 | Swiss Political Science Review, Vol. 20, No. 3From House to Home: Strategic Bill Drafting in Multilevel Systems with Non-static Ambition26 February 2014 | The Journal of Legislative Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3It Takes a Black Candidate19 August 2013 | Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 67, No. 2Elections, political competition and bank failureJournal of Financial Economics, Vol. 112, No. 2Governance, bureaucratic rents, and well-being differentials across US states26 February 2013 | Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 66, No. 2Every tweet counts? How sentiment analysis of social media can improve our knowledge of citizens’ political preferences with an application to Italy and France4 April 2013 | New Media & Society, Vol. 16, No. 2The Intuitive TraditionalistRed Scare? Revisiting Joe McCarthy’s Influence on 1950s Elections24 July 2014 | Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 78, No. 2Assessing the External Validity of Election RD Estimates: An Investigation of the Incumbency AdvantageSSRN Electronic JournalPartisan Politics and Federal Spending at the State LevelSSRN Electronic JournalIncumbency (Dis)Advantage When Citizens Can ProposeSSRN Electronic JournalElectoral Imbalance and Democratic ResponsivenessSSRN Electronic JournalThe Geography of Incentives to Run a Federal Budget Deficit in BelgiumSSRN Electronic JournalThe Effects of Incumbency Advantage and Party Factors on the Concurrent Local Elections of 2000s in KoreaKorean Political Science Review, Vol. 47, No. 5Exploiting Friends-and-Neighbors to Estimate Coattail Effects8 October 2013 | American Political Science Review, Vol. 107, No. 4Administering Representation: The Role of Elected Administrators in Translating Citizens' Preferences into Public Policy1 November 2012 | Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 23, No. 4Public Opinion in the U.S. States: 1956 to 201025 January 2021 | State Politics & Policy Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 3Optimal districting with endogenous party platformsJournal of Public Economics, Vol. 104Party Politics, Governors, and Economic PolicySouthern Economic Journal, Vol. 80, No. 1Preferences and Incentives of Appointed and Elected Public Officials: Evidence from State Trial Court JudgesAmerican Economic Review, Vol. 103, No. 4Implementation of Anti-Discrimination Policy: Does Judicial Selection Matter?28 February 2013 | American Law and Economics Review, Vol. 15, No. 1Campaign Contributions from Corporate Executives in Lieu of Political Action CommitteesSSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 86Retrospective Economic Voting and the Intertemporal Dynamics of Electoral Accountability in the American StatesSSRN Electronic JournalThe Dynamics of Public Investment Under Persistent Electoral AdvantageSSRN Electronic JournalThe Effects of Redistricting on Incumbents Stephen Ansolabehere and James M. Snyder16 December 2012 | Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, Vol. 11, No. 4The Move Toward State-Run Mass Media Electoral Campaigns in Latin America: An Evaluation of the First Implementation in the 2011 Argentine Presidential Elections Maria Page and Julia Pomares16 December 2012 | Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, Vol. 11, No. 4The Responsiveness of Direct and Indirect Elections26 October 2012 | Legislative Studies Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 4Gubernatorial Midterm Slumps25 June 2012 | American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 56, No. 4Penalizing the Party24 January 2012 | American Politics Research, Vol. 40, No. 5Oust the Louse: Does Political Pressure Discipline Regulators?18 June 2012 | The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 60, No. 2Tempus Fugit, Incumbency Stays: Measuring the Incumbency Advantage in the U.S. SenateCongress & the Presidency, Vol. 39, No. 2Testing the power of arguments in referendums: A Bradley–Terry approachElectoral Studies, Vol. 31, No. 1Rational incompetence14 November 2011 | Journal of Theoretical Politics, Vol. 24, No. 1Lame Ducks and Divided Government: How Voters Control the UnaccountableSSRN Electronic JournalMedia Markets, Special Interests, and VotersSSRN Electronic JournalAggregate Effects of Campaign SpendingSSRN Electronic JournalDisentangling the Personal and Partisan Incumbency Advantages: Evidence from a Structural Regression Discontinuity DesignSSRN Electronic JournalLong Term Consequences of ElectionsSSRN Electronic JournalThe Voter's Blunt ToolSSRN Electronic JournalThe SO2 Allowance Trading System: The Ironic History of a Grand Policy ExperimentSSRN Electronic JournalVoting with Your Feet: Political Competition and Internal Migration in the United StatesSSRN Electronic JournalElections, Political Competition and Bank FailureSSRN Electronic JournalThe Effect of Newspaper Entry and Exit on Electoral PoliticsAmerican Economic Review, Vol. 101, No. 7Electoral Selection with Parties and Primaries5 July 2011 | American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 55, No. 4Even if it is not Bribery: The Case for Campaign Finance Reform29 June 2009 | Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Vol. 27, No. 2Inefficient policies and incumbency advantageJournal of Public Economics, Vol. 94, No. 9-10Political Competition, Policy and Growth: Theory and Evidence from the US13 August 2010 | Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 77, No. 4Stranger Danger: Redistricting, Incumbent Recognition, and Vote ChoiceSocial Science Quarterly, Vol. 91, No. 2Party Strength, the Personal Vote, and Government SpendingAmerican Journal of Political Science, Vol. 54, No. 2A “Selection Model” of Political RepresentationJournal of Political Philosophy, Vol. 17, No. 4So, What Difference Do Leaders Make? Candidates’ Images and the “Conditionality” of Leader Effects on Voting30 October 2009 | Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, Vol. 19, No. 4Are Mapmakers Able to Target and Protect Congressional Incumbents?19 February 2009 | American Politics Research, Vol. 37, No. 6Do the Advantages of Incumbency Advantage Incumbents?The Journal of Politics, Vol. 71, No. 4The Informational Value of IncumbencyJournal of Public Economic Theory, Vol. 11, No. 5Redistricting: Reading Between the LinesAnnual Review of Political Science, Vol. 12, No. 1The Rising Incumbent Reelection Rate: What's Gerrymandering Got to Do With It?The Journal of Politics, Vol. 71, No. 2Using Multimember District Elections to Estimate the Sources of the Incumbency AdvantageAmerican Journal of Political Science, Vol. 53, No. 2A regression discontinuity design analysis of the incumbency advantage and tenure in the U.S. HouseElectoral Studies, Vol. 28, No. 1Local Politics and International Agreement: The Case of Government Procurement in the U.S. States25 January 2021 | State Politics & Policy Quarterly, Vol. 9, No. 1Democracy and Electoral ProcessesSSRN Electronic JournalEven If It’s Not Bribery: The Case for Campaign Finance ReformSSRN Electronic JournalVote-Share Contracts and Learning-by-DoingSSRN Electronic JournalRedistricting and the Personal Vote: When Natural Experiments are Neither Natural nor ExperimentsSSRN Electronic JournalThe Effect of Newspaper Entry and Exit on Electoral PoliticsSSRN Electronic JournalA spatial model of the relationship between seats and votesMathematical and Computer Modelling, Vol. 48, No. 9-10Electoral Selection, Strategic Challenger Entry, and the Incumbency AdvantageThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 70, No. 4Political Cycles: Issue Ownership and the Opposition AdvantageJournal of Public Economic Theory, Vol. 10, No. 4Measuring District-Level Partisanship with Implications for the Analysis of U.S. ElectionsThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 70, No. 3Randomized experiments from non-random selection in U.S. House electionsJournal of Econometrics, Vol. 142, No. 2Cohort Effects and the Incumbency Advantage7 January 2011 | Legislative Studies Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 1Electoral design and voter welfare from the US Senate: Evidence from a dynamic selection modelReview of Economic Dynamics, Vol. 11, No. 1Field Experiments Testing the Impact of Radio Advertisements on Electoral Competition18 January 2008 | American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 52, No. 1Campaign Finance, Economics of23 November 2016Socially Optimal Districting: A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration *Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 122, No. 4The incumbency advantage in U.S. primary electionsElectoral Studies, Vol. 26, No. 3Competition and Competitiveness in American Elections Daniel H. Lowenstein13 August 2007 | Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, Vol. 6, No. 3A Return to Normalcy? Revisiting the Effects of Term Limits on Competitiveness and Spending in California Assembly Elections1 August 2016 | State Politics & Policy Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 1The Decline of Third-Party Voting in the United StatesThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 69, No. 1American Political Science Review, Vol. 101, No. 2Party Control of State Government and the Distribution of Public Expenditures*3 January 2007 | The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 108, No. 4Television and the Incumbency Advantage in U.S. Elections7 January 2011 | Legislative Studies Quarterly, Vol. 31, No. 4Political Control and the Power of the Agent2 November 2005 | The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Vol. 22, No. 1Delivering the Goods: Legislative Particularism in Different Electoral and Institutional SettingsThe Journal of Politics, Vol. 68, No. 1The Informational Value of IncumbencySSRN Electronic JournalReputational Dynamics and Political Careers19 August 2005 | The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Vol. 21, No. 2Political Cycles: The Opposition AdvantageSSRN Electronic JournalChallenger Entry and Voter LearningSSRN Electronic JournalUsing Term Limits to Estimate Incumbency Advantages When Officeholders Retire Strategically7 January 2011 | Legislative Studies Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 4American Political Science Review, Vol. 98, No. 1The Causes and Consequences of the Reapportionment Revolution Michael E. Solimine6 July 2004 | Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, Vol. 1, No. 4 Volume 1Issue 3Sep 2002 To cite this article:Stephen Ansolabehere and James M. SnyderJr.The Incumbency Advantage in U.S. Elections: An Analysis of State and Federal Offices, 1942–2000.Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy.Sep 2002.315-338.http://doi.org/10.1089/153312902760137578Published in Volume: 1 Issue 3: July 6, 2004PDF download