Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

ENDING MILITARY CONSCRIPTION

2011; Edward Elgar Publishing; Volume: 9; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

1612-0663

Panu Poutvaara, Andreas Wagener,

Gender, Security, and Conflict

Throughout most of the 20th century, military conscription (the draft) was a prominent feature of national military doctrines. Both world wars were fought mainly by conscripts. Among the 12 founding countries of NATO in 1949, only Canada did not rely on conscription (Iceland did and still does not have armed forces). While the United Kingdom (1960), Luxembourg (1967) and the United States (1973) adopted all-volunteer forces quite early during the Cold War, military conscription was the dominant mode of peacetime recruitment in the alliance until mid-1990s. Likewise, throughout the entire existence (1955‐91) of the Warsaw Pact, all its members used conscription.