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Dual Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Type 2: Impact on HIV Type 1 Viral Load and Immune Activation Markers in HIV-Seropositive Female Sex Workers in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

2000; Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; Volume: 16; Issue: 14 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1089/08892220050140919

1931-8405

John N. Nkengasong, Luc Kestens, Peter D. Ghys, Stéphania Koblavi‐Dème, Ronald A. Otten, Ebi Bilé, Chantal Maurice, Mireille Kalou, Marie Laga, Stefan Z. Wiktor, Alan E. Greenberg,

Sex work and related issues

To determine the impact of dual infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2 on HIV-1 viral load and markers of immune activation among HIV-seropositive FSWs in Abidjan, we analyzed blood samples obtained from consenting HIV-seropositive FSWs attending a confidential clinic between September 1996 and June 1997 in Abidjan. Among HIV-1 and HIV-2 dually seropositive FSWs, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with HIV-1 and HIV-2 primers was used to differentiate between FSWs who were PCR positive only for HIV-1 and those positive for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 (dually infected). Of the 203 FSWs, 151 (74%) were HIV-1 seropositive only (median age, 26 years), 4 (2%) were HIV-2 seropositive, and 48 (24%) were dually seropositive (median age, 30 years). Of the 48 dually seropositive FSWs, 33 (69%) were dually infected and 15 (31%) were dually seropositive. Median CD4+ T cell counts per microliter were not significantly different among the three groups (525 for HIV-1 positive only, 502 for dually infected, and 416 for dually seropositive) (p = 0.14). Median viral load (log10 copies/ml) was not significantly different among the HIV-1-only FSWs (4.8 log10 copies/ml) compared with the 32 dually infected FSWs (4.6 log10 copies/ml) and 14 dually seropositive FSWs (4.7 log10 copies/ml; p = 0.95). Median levels of HLA-DR immune activation were increased in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells for the dually infected (n = 27) FSWs compared with those infected with HIV-1 only (n = 123) (p = 0.019 and p = 0.01, respectively). Dual infection does not appear to influence levels of HIV-1 viral load in vivo. However, levels of HLA-DR are higher among FSWs dually infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 than among those infected with HIV-1 only.