Barely Visible: The Child in C atholic Social Teaching
2014; Wiley; Volume: 55; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/heyj.12207
ISSN1468-2265
Autores Tópico(s)Religious Freedom and Discrimination
ResumoThe Heythrop JournalVolume 55, Issue 6 p. 1021-1032 ARTICLE Barely Visible: The Child in Catholic Social Teaching Ethna Regan, Ethna Regan Mater Dei Institute, Dublin City UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Ethna Regan, Ethna Regan Mater Dei Institute, Dublin City UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 24 July 2014 https://doi.org/10.1111/heyj.12207Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Notes 1 Report by Commission of Investigation into Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin (2009), (Conclusion 1.113): http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/Pages/PB09000504 2'The welfare of children and justice for victims was subordinated to the priorities of maintenance of secrecy, the avoidance of scandal, the protection of the reputation of the church and the preservations of its assets.' (Murphy Report 1.15). 'There was little or no concern for the welfare of the abused child or the welfare of other children who might come into contact with the priest' (Murphy Report: 1.35). 3John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, Original Edition (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971). Individuals in the 'original position' are heads of families, rational and self-interested agents. 4See Rawls, A Theory of Justice, Chapter VIII: ' The Sense of Justice', pp. 453–512. Children are also referred to in Rawls' Justice as Fairness: A Restatement (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2001), in what he describes as his 'modest' comments on the family as a basic institution (pp. 162–68). 5Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 32–33. Sen also discusses child labour, the divisiveness of this issue among South Asian economists, and the frequent congruence of child labour with slavery (p. 115). He also examines the relationship between child survival and the agency of women, particularly the importance of the empowerment of women through education and literacy. 6Amartya Sen, The Idea of Justice (London: Allen Lane, 2009), p. 161. 7 Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church (Dublin: Veritas, 2005), no. 244, Section D, 'The Dignity and Rights of Children'. 8The documents of Catholic social teaching generally use the term 'children' in three ways: (i) chronological childhood; (ii) all human persons as children of God; (iii) persons as 'children of the church'. 9It is customary to regard Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum Novarum as the initial document of modern Catholic social teaching; however, such a designation is not to suggest that no social teaching existed in the modern period before 1891. Michael Schuck reminds us that papal social teaching predates Rerum Novarum and also that Catholic social thought – expressed in the work of academics, activists and clergy between the years 1840 and 1890 – was the impetus for the promulgation of Leo's encyclical on capital and labour. See Michael Schuck, That They Be One: The Social Teaching of the Papal Encyclicals 1740–1989, (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1991). 10Donal Dorr, Option for the Poor and for the Earth: Catholic Social Teaching (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 2012), p. 44. 11References from Rerum Novarum and from all papal and conciliar documents cited in this essay are from the Vatican Website, http://w2.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html 12See Phyllis Deane, The First Industrial Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965). 'While women and girls and pauper children could be put to work for 12 to 16 hours a day in cotton mills at bare subsistence wages and while the sons of hand-loom weavers were prepared to adopt their father's trade and to work longer and longer hours for a smaller and smaller return, the cotton industry could always command more labour that it needed and wages stayed pitifully low' (p. 97). Deane also notes that the early textile factories took 'batches of pauper children form the age of five upwards' (p. 137). 13See Paul Misner, The Social Teaching of Wilhelm Emmanuel Von Ketteler, trans. Rupert J. Ederer (Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1981). 14See Misner, The Social Teaching of Wilhelm Emmanuel Von Ketteler. The quotation is from Von Kettler's 1869 sermon addressed to 10,000 workers. 15David Hollenbach, Claims in Conflict: Retrieving and Renewing the Catholic Human Rights Tradition (New York: Paulist Press, 1979), p. 50. 16'To each, therefore, must be given his own share of goods, and the distribution of created goods, which, as every discerning person knows, is labouring today under the gravest evils due to the huge disparity between the few exceedingly rich and the unnumbered propertyless, must be effectively called back to and brought into conformity with the norms of the common good, that is, social justice.' (Quadragesimo Anno, 58). 17Cf. Casti Connubii, Dec. 31, 1930. 18There is no discussion in this essay of the work of Pope Pius XII as he did not write a major social encyclical. His main contribution to Catholic social teaching during his pontificate (1939–58) is to be found in his Christmas Messages of 1941–1945 where the question of civil and political rights is addressed. Pius made several references to issues related to children in his documents and speeches on education, family, medical ethics and morality. One that is often cited is his 1952 radio address 'De Conscientia Christiana in Iuvenibus Recte Efformanda', 44, Acta Apostolicae Sedis, 1952, pp. 270–278. 19The first session lasted from October 11-December 8, 1962. Pacem in Terris was promulgated on April 11, 1963. Pope John XXIII died on June 3, 1963. The second session opened on September 29, 1963, after the election of Pope Paul VI on June 21, 1963. 20The Declaration of the Rights of the Child was adopted by UN General Assembly Resolution 1386 (XIV) of 10 December 1959. 21Child labour is defined by the International Labor Organization as 'work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development'. International Labour Organization, http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/child-labour/lang–en/index.htm 22In the Introduction to Modern Catholic Social Teaching: Commentaries and Interpretations, ed. Kenneth R. Himes, assoc. eds., Lisa Sowle Cahill, Charles E. Curran, David Hollenbach & Thomas Shannon (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2005), the editors state that they did not include a commentary on John Paul II's Evangelium Vitae only because they had already examined four of his other encyclicals and they wanted to 'reflect a list of the popes who have been significant for modern Catholic social teaching'. (p. 5) Interestingly the only reference in the Index of this book to children is to child labour (pp. 138, 159). 23See Gaudium et Spes, 27. 24See John Paul II, Apostolic Letter, Novo Millennio Ineunte (2001), 51. 25 Compendium, Chapter Five: ' The Family, the Vital Cell of Society', p. 103–123. See numbers 210–212, 216, 227, 237, 218, 225–226, 230, 234–2235, 239, 240, 242, 294. 26John Paul II, Apostolic Exhortation Familiaris Consortio, (1981), 26. 27Ibid. 28John Paul II, Address to the General Assembly of the United Nations (2 October 1979), 21. cf. John Paul II, Message to the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the occasion of the World Summit for Children (22 September 1990). John Paul II, Address to the Committee of European Journalists for the Rights of the Child (13 January 1979): L'Osservatore Romano, English edition, 22 January 1979, p. 5. 29John Paul II, Address to the Committee of European Journalists for the Rights of the Child (13 January 1979). 30 Compendium, no. 557, p. 467. 31Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 1996 World Day of Peace, 5. 32John Paul II, Message for the 1998 World Day of Peace, 6. 33John Paul II, Message to the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the occasion of the World Summit for Children (22 September 1990). 34Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 1999 World Day of Peace, 1. 35Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 1996 World Day of Peace, 2–6. 36See the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ 37Dorr, Option for the Poor and for the Earth, pp. 440–469 (here p. 460). 38Dorr, even in the excellent updated version of his important book on Catholic social teaching, Option for the Poor and for the Earth, has no reference to children in the index. 39 Report by Commission of Investigation into Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin (2009), (Conclusion 1.113): http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/Pages/PB09000504 Citing Literature Volume55, Issue6Special Issue: FAITH, FAMILY AND FERTILITYNovember 2014Pages 1021-1032 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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