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Flame retardant textile back-coatings. Part 2. Effectiveness of phosphorus-containing flame retardants in textile back-coating formulations

2000; Wiley; Volume: 49; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/1097-0126(200010)49

1097-0126

A. Richard Horrocks, Min Y. Wang, Mike E Hall, Femi Sunmonu, John Pearson,

Environmental and Industrial Safety

Polymer InternationalVolume 49, Issue 10 p. 1079-1091 Research Article Flame retardant textile back-coatings. Part 2. Effectiveness of phosphorus-containing flame retardants in textile back-coating formulations A Richard Horrocks, Corresponding Author A Richard Horrocks Bolton Institute, Bolton BL3 5AB, UKBolton Institute, Bolton, BL3 5AB, UKSearch for more papers by this authorMin Y Wang, Min Y Wang Bolton Institute, Bolton BL3 5AB, UKSearch for more papers by this authorMike E Hall, Mike E Hall Bolton Institute, Bolton BL3 5AB, UKSearch for more papers by this authorFemi Sunmonu, Femi Sunmonu Bolton Institute, Bolton BL3 5AB, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJohn S Pearson, John S Pearson University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UKSearch for more papers by this author A Richard Horrocks, Corresponding Author A Richard Horrocks Bolton Institute, Bolton BL3 5AB, UKBolton Institute, Bolton, BL3 5AB, UKSearch for more papers by this authorMin Y Wang, Min Y Wang Bolton Institute, Bolton BL3 5AB, UKSearch for more papers by this authorMike E Hall, Mike E Hall Bolton Institute, Bolton BL3 5AB, UKSearch for more papers by this authorFemi Sunmonu, Femi Sunmonu Bolton Institute, Bolton BL3 5AB, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJohn S Pearson, John S Pearson University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 October 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0126(200010)49:10 3.0.CO;2-ZCitations: 71Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract Selected phosphorus-containing flame retardants, including some intumescents, have been formulated with selected resins and applied as back-coatings to both cotton and cotton–polyester (35:65) blended fabrics. While all formulations raise the limiting oxygen index, only those based on ammonium polyphosphate and a cyclic phosphonate enable samples to pass a small-scale version of the simulated match test, BS5852: 1979, Source 1. As expected, the back-coatings containing intumescents promoted higher levels of char formation, but these did not reflect in their performance to the match test where most incurred failures. Thermogravimetric analysis suggests that the more effective flame retardants as exemplified by ammonium polyphosphate, are those which liquefy by melting and/or decomposition well below 300 °C. It is proposed that this enables wetting by these products of the back face of the fabric and their diffusion to the front face where, as the temperature rises towards 300 °C, char formation occurs before ignition of surface fibres can take place. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry REFERENCES 1BS5852, Part 1. British standard methods. Test for the ignitability of upholstered composites for seating. British Standards Institution, London (1979). 2Dombrowski R, J Coated Fabrics 25: 224 (1996). 3Hardy M C, in Proceedings of 8th annual BCC conference on flame retarding: recent advances in flame retardancy of polymeric materials. BCC, Stamford (1997). 4Wang M Y, Horrocks A R, Horrocks S, Hall M E and Pearson J S, Flame retardant textile back-coatings. Part 1: The effect of replacing antimony–bromine system by phosphorus-containing agents. J Fire Sci, in press. 5ASTM D 2863-77. Standard methods for measuring the minimum oxygen concentration to support candle-like combustion of plastics (oxygen index). 6BS5438, British standard methods. Test for flammability of textile fabrics when subjected to a small igniting flame applied to the face or bottom edge of vertically oriented specimens. British Standards Institution, London (1989). 7Camino G, Costa L and Trossatelli L, Polym Degr Stability 12: 203– 211 (1985). 8Camino G, Costa L and Luda M P, Makromol Chem Macromol Symp 74: 71 (1993). 9Weil E and McSwigan B, J Coating Technol 66: 75 (1994). 10Costa L, Camino G and Luda M P, Proc Am Chem Soc, pp 211 (1990). 11Shafizadeh F, Adv Carbohydr Chem 23: 419 (1968). 12Barker R H and Hendrix J E, in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, Ed by W C Kuryla and A J Papa, Dekker, New York, pp 1– 65 (1979). 13Shafizadeh F, in Cellulose Chemistry and its Applications, Ed by T P Nevell and S H Zeronian, Ellis Horwood, Chichester. Chapter 11 (1985). 14Kandola B K, Horrocks A R, Price D and Coleman G V, Rev Macromol Chem Phys C 36: 721 (1996). 15Horrocks A R, J Soc Dyers Colour 99: 191 (1983). Citing Literature Volume49, Issue10Special Issue: Fire Retardant PolymersOctober 2000Pages 1079-1091 ReferencesRelatedInformation