Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Reconstructing the Population History of European Romani from Genome-wide Data
2012; Elsevier BV; Volume: 22; Issue: 24 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.039
ISSN1879-0445
AutoresIsabel Mendizabal, Óscar Lao, Urko M. Marigorta, Andreas Wollstein, Leonor Gusmão, V. Ferák, Mihai Ioana, Albena Jordanova, Radka Kaneva, Anastasia Kouvatsi, Vaidutis Kučinskas, Halyna Makukh, Andres Metspalu, Mihai G. Netea, Rosario de Pablo, Horolma Pamjav, Dragica Radojković, Sarah J.H. Rolleston, Jadranka Sertić, Milan Maçek, David Comas, Manfred Kayser,
Tópico(s)Forensic and Genetic Research
ResumoThe Romani, the largest European minority group with approximately 11 million people [1Council of Europe (2010). Council of Europe, Roma and Travellers Division (http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/default_en.asp).Google Scholar], constitute a mosaic of languages, religions, and lifestyles while sharing a distinct social heritage. Linguistic [2Fraser A. The Gypsies. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford1992Google Scholar] and genetic [3Ali M. McKibbin M. Booth A. Parry D.A. Jain P. Riazuddin S.A. Hejtmancik J.F. Khan S.N. Firasat S. Shires M. et al.Null mutations in LTBP2 cause primary congenital glaucoma.Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2009; 84: 664-671Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (216) Google Scholar, 4Gresham D. Morar B. Underhill P.A. Passarino G. Lin A.A. Wise C. Angelicheva D. Calafell F. Oefner P.J. Shen P. et al.Origins and divergence of the Roma (gypsies).Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2001; 69: 1314-1331Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (178) Google Scholar, 5Gusmão A. Gusmão L. Gomes V. Alves C. Calafell F. Amorim A. Prata M.J. A perspective on the history of the Iberian gypsies provided by phylogeographic analysis of Y-chromosome lineages.Ann. Hum. Genet. 2008; 72: 215-227Crossref PubMed Scopus (42) Google Scholar, 6Kalaydjieva L. Calafell F. Jobling M.A. Angelicheva D. de Knijff P. Rosser Z.H. Hurles M.E. Underhill P. Tournev I. Marushiakova E. Popov V. Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages.Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2001; 9: 97-104Crossref PubMed Scopus (59) Google Scholar, 7Kalaydjieva L. Gresham D. Calafell F. Genetic studies of the Roma (Gypsies): a review.BMC Med. Genet. 2001; 2: 5Crossref PubMed Scopus (133) Google Scholar, 8Mendizabal I. Valente C. Gusmão A. Alves C. Gomes V. Goios A. Parson W. Calafell F. Alvarez L. Amorim A. et al.Reconstructing the Indian origin and dispersal of the European Roma: a maternal genetic perspective.PLoS ONE. 2011; 6: e15988Crossref PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar] studies have located the Romani origins in the Indian subcontinent. However, a genome-wide perspective on Romani origins and population substructure, as well as a detailed reconstruction of their demographic history, has yet to be provided. Our analyses based on genome-wide data from 13 Romani groups collected across Europe suggest that the Romani diaspora constitutes a single initial founder population that originated in north/northwestern India ∼1.5 thousand years ago (kya). Our results further indicate that after a rapid migration with moderate gene flow from the Near or Middle East, the European spread of the Romani people was via the Balkans starting ∼0.9 kya. The strong population substructure and high levels of homozygosity we found in the European Romani are in line with genetic isolation as well as differential gene flow in time and space with non-Romani Europeans. Overall, our genome-wide study sheds new light on the origins and demographic history of European Romani.
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