Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Critical review of the diagnosis of prostatic obstruction

1994; Wiley; Volume: 13; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/1520-6777(1994)13

1520-6777

Kurt K. Nielsen, Jørgen Nordling, Tage Hald,

Urological Disorders and Treatments

Neurourology and UrodynamicsVolume 13, Issue 3 p. 201-217 A Point of View Critical review of the diagnosis of prostatic obstruction Kurt K. Nielsen, Corresponding Author Kurt K. Nielsen Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Urology H-110. Herlev Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorJorgen Nordling, Jorgen Nordling Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorTage Hald, Tage Hald Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this author Kurt K. Nielsen, Corresponding Author Kurt K. Nielsen Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Urology H-110. Herlev Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorJorgen Nordling, Jorgen Nordling Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorTage Hald, Tage Hald Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1994 https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6777(1994)13:3 3.0.CO;2-SCitations: 34AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Aalkjær V (1971): Prostatic hypertrophy: Value of intravenous urography. Ugeskr Læger 133: 489–490. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Abrams PH (1977a): A double blind trial of the effects of candicidin on patients with benign proslatic hypertrophy. Br J Urol 49: 67–71. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1977.tb04526.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Abrams PH (1977b): Prostatism and prostatectomy: The value of urine flow rate measurement in the preoperative assessment for operation. J Urol 117: 70–71. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)58340-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Abrams PH, Feneley RCL (1978): The significance of the symptoms associated with bladder outflow obstruction. Urol Int 33: 171–174. 10.1159/000280194 Web of Science®Google Scholar Abrams PH, Griffiths DJ (1979): The assessment of prostatic obstruction from urodynamic measurements and from residual urine. Br J Urol 51: 129–134. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1979.tb02846.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Abrams PH, Torrens MJ (1977): Urethral closure pressure profiles in the male. Urol Int 32: 137–145. 10.1159/000280123 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Abrams PH, Roylance J, Fenelcy RCL (1976): Excretion urography in the investigation of prostatism. Br J Urol 48: 681–684. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1976.tb06719.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Abrams PH, Farrar DJ, Turner-Warwick RT, Whiteside CG, Feneley RCL (1979): The result of prostatectomy. A symptomatic and urodynamic analysis of 152 patients J Urol 121: 640–642. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ahrams PH, Shah PJR, Stone R, Choa RG (1982): Bladder outflow obstruction treated with phenoxybenzamine. Br J Urol 54: 527–530. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1982.tb13581.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Andersen JT (1982): Prostatism: Clinical, radiological and urodynamic aspects Neurourol Urodyn 1: 241–293. 10.1002/nau.1930010303 Google Scholar Andersen JT, Nordling J (1980): Prostatism. II. The correlation between cystourethroscopic. cystometric and urodynamic findings. Scand J Urol Nephrol 14: 23–27. 10.3109/00365598009181185 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Andersen JT, Jacobsen O, Strandgaard L (1977): The diagnostic value of intravenous pyelography in infravesical obstruction in males. Scand J Urol Nephrol 11: 225–230. 10.3109/00365597709179956 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Andersen JT, Jacobsen O, Worm-Petersen J, Hald T (1978): Bladder function in healthy elderly males. Scand J Urol Nephrol 12: 123–127. 10.3109/00365597809179978 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Andersen JT, Nordling J, Walter S (1979): Prostatism L The correlation between symptoms, cystometric and urodynamic findings. Scand J Urol Nephrol 13: 229–236. 10.3109/00365597909179530 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Andersen TF, Broønnum-Hansen H, Sejr T, Roepstorff C (1990): Elevated mortality following transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hypertrophyl But why? Med Care 28: 870–881. 10.1097/00005650-199010000-00002 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ball AJ, Fenclcy RCL, Ahrams PH (1981): The natural history of prostatism Br J Urol 53: 613–616. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03273.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Balslev-Jørgensen J, Jensen KM-E, Bille-Brahe NH, Mogensen P (1986): Uroflowmetry in asymptomatic elderly males. Br J Urol 58: 390–395. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1986.tb09092.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Balslev-Jørgensen J, Jensen KM-K, Mogensen P (1990): Significance of predominantly irritative symptomatology before a prostatic operation. J Urol 143: 739–741. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Barry MJ, Fowler FJ, O'Leary MP, Bruskewitz RC, Holtprewe HL, Mebust WK, Cockett ATK. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association (1992a): The American Urological Association symptom index lor benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 148: 1549–1557. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36966-5 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Barry MJ, Fowler FJ, O'Leary MP, Bruskewitz RC, Holtgrewe HL, Mebust WK. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association (1992b): Correlation of the American Urological Association symptom index with self-administered versions of the Madsen-lversen. Boyarsky and Maine medical assessment program symptom indexes. J Urol 148: 1558–1563. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36967-7 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bates P, Bradley WE, Glen E, Griffiths D, Melchior H, Rowan D, Sterling A, Zinner N, Hald T (1979): The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function. J Urol 121: 551–554. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)56874-3 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bauer DL, Garrison RW, McRoberts JW (1980): The health and cost implication of routine excretory urography before transurethral prostatectomy. J Urol 123: 386–389. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)55947-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Birkhoff JD, Wiederhorn AR, Hamilton ML, Zinsser HH (1976): Natural history of benign prostatic hypertrophy and acute urinary retention. Urology 7: 48–52. 10.1016/0090-4295(76)90560-4 CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Bissada NK, Finkbeiner AE, Redman JF (1976): Accuracy of preoperative estimation of resection weight in transurethral prostatectomy J Urol 116: 201–202. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Brooks ME, Hanani D, Braf ZF (1983): Relationship between subjective complaints and urinary flow. Urology 22: 449–451. 10.1016/0090-4295(83)90439-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bruskewitz RC, Lversen P, Madsen PO (1982): Value of postvoid residual urine determination in evaluation of prostatism. Urology 20: 602–604. 10.1016/0090-4295(82)90308-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Butler MR, Donnelly B, Komaranchat A (1978): Intravenous urography in evaluation of acute retention. Br J Urol 12: 464–466. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Castro JE, Griffiths HJL, Shackman R (1969): Significance of signs and symptoms in benign prostatic hypertrophy. Br Med J 2: 598–601. 10.1136/bmj.2.5657.598 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Castro JE, Griffiths HJL, Edwards DE (1971): A double blind controlled clinical trial of spironolactone for benign prostatic hypertrophy. Br J Surg 58: 485–489. 10.1002/bjs.1800580703 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Chancellor MB, Blaivas JG, Kaplan SA, Axelrod S (1991): Bladder outlet obstruction versus impaired detrusor contractility: The role of uroflow. J Urol 145: 810–812. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)38458-6 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Chappie CR, Christmas TJ, Milroy EJG (1990): A twelve-week placebo-controlled study of prazosin in the treatment of prostatic obstruction. Urol Int 45 (Suppl 1): 47–55. 10.1159/000282030 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Christoffersen I, Møller I (1981): Excretory urography. A superfluous routine examination in patients with prostatic hypertrophy? Eur Urol 7: 65–67. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Coolsact BLRA, Venrooij GEPM, Blok C (1984): Prostalism: Ralionalization of urodynamic testing. World J Urol 2: 216–221. 10.1007/BF00327004 Web of Science®Google Scholar Cote JR, Burke H, Schoenberg HW (1981): Prediction of unusual postoperative results by urodynamic testing in benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 125: 690–692. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)55164-2 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Craigen AA, Hickling JB, Saunders CRG, Carpenter RG (1969): Natural history of prostatic obstruction. J R Coll Gen Pract 18: 226–232. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Cucchi A (1988): Detrusor instability and bladder outflow obstruction. Evidence for a correlation between the severity of obstruction and the presence of instability. Br J Urol 61: 420–422. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb06588.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Dørflinger T, Frimodt-Møller PC, Bruskewitz RC, Jensen KM-E, Iversen P, Madsen PO (1985): The significance of uninhibited detrusor contractions in prostatism. J Urol 133: 819–821. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)49240-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Dørflinger T, Bruskewitz RC, Jensen KM-E, Iversen P, Madsen PO (1986): Predictive value of low maximum flow rate in benign prosiatic hyperplasia. Urology 27: 569–573. 10.1016/0090-4295(86)90350-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Orach GW, Layton TN, Binard WJ (1979): Male peak urinary flow rate: Relationship to volume voided and age J Urol 122: 210–214. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Drake VM (1948): The uroflowmeter: An aid to the study of the lower urinary tract. J Urol 59: 650–658. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)69425-4 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Frimodt-Møller C (1974): A urodynamic study of micturition in healthy men and women. Dan Med Bull 21: 41–48. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Frimodt-Møller C, Hald T (1972): Clinical urodynamics. Methods and results. Scand J Urol Nephrol 6 (Suppl 15): 143–155. 10.3109/00365597209133658 PubMedGoogle Scholar Frimodt-Møller PC, Jensen KM-E, Iversen P, Madsen PO, Bruskewitz RC (1984): Analysis ol presenting symptoms in prostatism. J Urol 132: 272–276. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)49587-5 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Galatius H, Hansen RI (1983): Rectal estimation of prostatic size. Ugeskr Læger 145: 824–825. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Gammelgaard PA, Andersen JT, Meyhoff HH (1983): Clinical significance of urodynamic measurements In F Hinman (ed): “ Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.” New York: Springer-Verlag. pp 502–506. 10.1007/978-1-4612-5476-8_46 Google Scholar Geller J, Nelson CG, Albert JD, Pratt C (1979): Effect of megestrol acetate on uroflow rates in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Urology 14: 467–474. 10.1016/0090-4295(79)90177-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar George NJR, O'Reilly PH, Barnard RJ, Blacklock NJ (1983): High pressure chronic retention Br Med J 286: 1780–1783. 10.1136/bmj.286.6380.1780 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Gerstenberg TC, Andersen JT, Klarskov P, Ramirez D, Hald T (1982): High flow intravesical obstruction in men: Symptomatology, urodynamics and the results ol surgery. J Urol 127: 943–945. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)54140-3 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Griffiths DJ (1971a): Hydrodynamics of male micturition. I. Therapy of steady state flow through elastic walled tubes. Med Biol Eng 7: 201–215. 10.1007/BF02474176 Web of Science®Google Scholar Griffiths DJ (1971b): Hydrodynamics of male micturition. II. Measurements of stream parameters and urethral elasticity. Med Biol Eng 9: 589–596. 10.1007/BF02474638 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Griffiths DJ (1973): The mechanics of the urethra and of micturition. Br J Urol 45: 497–507. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1973.tb06812.x CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Griffiths DJ (1977): Urodynamic assessment of bladder function. Br J Urol 49: 29–36. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1977.tb04518.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Griffiths DJ (1980): “ Urodynamics. The Mechanics and Hydrodynamics of the Lower Urinary Tract.” Bristol: Adam Hilger Ltd. Google Scholar Griffiths DJ, Schröder FH (1984): Phenoxybenzamine in prosiatic obstruction. Urol Int 39: 241–242. 10.1159/000280984 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Griffiths DJ, Constantinou CE, van Mastrigt R (1986): Urinary bladder function and its control in healthy females. Am J Physiol 25L: R225–R230. Google Scholar Griffiths HJL, Castro J (1970): An evaluation of the importance of residual urine. Br J Radiol 43: 409–413. 10.1259/0007-1285-43-510-409 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Hastak SM, Gammelgaard J, Holm HH (1982): Transrectal ultrasonic volume determination of the prostate: A preoperative and postoperative study. J Urol 127: 1115–1118. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)54258-5 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Haylen BT, Ashby D, Sutherst JR, Frazer MI, West CR (1989): Maximum and average urine flow rates in normal male and female populations: The Liverpool nomograms. Br J Urol 64: 30–38. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05518.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Haylen BT, Parys BT, Anyacgbunam WI, Ashby D, West CR (1990): Urine flow rates in male and female urodynamic patients compared with the Liverpool nomograms. Br J Urol 65: 483–487. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1990.tb14791.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Henneberry M, Carter MF, Neiman HL (1979): Estimation of prostatic size by suprapubic ultrasonography. J Urol 121: 615–616. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)56904-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Holm HH (1964): The hydrodynamics of micturition Thesis. Ada Radiologicam. Suppl 231. Google Scholar Iversen P, Bruskewitz RC, Jensen KM-E, Madsen PO (1983): Transurethral prostatic resection in the treatment of prostalism with high urinary How. J Urol 129: 995–997. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Iversen-Hansen R (1973): Prostatakryoreseklion. En klinisk og hydrodynamisk undersøgelse. Thesis. F.A.D.L. Copenhagen, Denmark, pp 34–255. Google Scholar Jacobsen BE, Andersen MF, Olesen S (1976): Estimation of the size of the prostate by injection urethrocystography. Ugeskr Læger 138: 1515–1518. PubMedGoogle Scholar Jensen KM-E, Madsen PO (1983): Candicidin treatment of prostatism: A prospective double-blind placebo controlled study. Urol Res 11: 7–10. 10.1007/BF00272701 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Jensen KM-E, Bruskewitz RC, Iversen P, Madsen PO (1983a): Predictive value of voiding pressures in benign prostalie hyperplasia. Neurourol Urodyn 2: 117–125. 10.1002/nau.1930020204 Web of Science®Google Scholar Jensen KM-E, Bruskewitz RC, Iversen P, Madsen PO (1983b): Significance of prostatic weight in proslatism. Urol Int 38: 173–178. 10.1159/000280884 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Jensen KM-E, Bruskewitz RC, Iversen P, Madsen PO (1984a): Spontaneous urollowmetry in prostatism Urology 24: 403–409. 10.1016/0090-4295(84)90225-5 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Jensen KM-E, Bruskewitz RC, Madsen PO (1984b): Urodynamic findings in elderly males without prostatic complaints. Urology 24: 211–213. 10.1016/0090-4295(84)90435-7 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Jensen KM-E, Jørgensen JB, Mogensen P, Bille-Brahe NE (1986): Some clinical aspects of urof lowmetry in elderly males. Scand J Urol Nephrol 20: 93–99. 10.3109/00365598609040555 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Jensen KM-E, Jørgensen JB, Mogensen P (1988a): Urodynamics in prostatism I. Prognostic value of urotlowmetry Scand J Urol Nephrol (Suppl) 114: 63–71. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Jensen KM-E, Jørgensen JB, Mogensen P (1988b): Urodynamics in proslatism II. Prognostic value of pressure-flow study combined with stop-flow test. Scand J Urol Nephrol (Suppl) 144: 72–77. Google Scholar Jensen KM-E, Jørgensen JB, Mogensen P (1988c): Urodynamics in prostatism. III. Prognostic value of medium-fill water cystometry. Scand J Urol Nephrol (Suppl) 114: 78–83. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Kitada S, Ishisawa N (1981): Urethral pressure profilometry in the preoperative assessment for prostatectomy. J Urol 126: 89–91. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)54394-3 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Lepor H, Machi G (1993): Comparisons of AUA symptom index in unselected males and females between fifty-live and seventy-nine years of age. Urology 42: 36–41. 10.1016/0090-4295(93)90332-5 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Madsen PO, Iversen P (1983): A point system for selecting operative candidates. In H Hinman (ed): “ Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.” New York: Springer-Verlag. pp 763–765. 10.1007/978-1-4612-5476-8_79 Google Scholar Malenka DJ, Roos N, Fisher ES, McLerran D, Whaley FS, Barry MJ, Bruskewitz R, Wennberg JE (1990): Further study of the increased mortality following transurethral prostatectomy: A chart-based analysis. J Urol 144: 224–228. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)39416-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Marshall V, Singh M, Blandy JP (1974): Is urography necessary for patients with acute retention of urine before prostatectomy. Br J Urol 46: 73–76. Google Scholar Mastrigt R, Rollema HJ (1988): Urethral resistance and urinary bladder contractility before and after transurethral resection of the prostate as determined by the computer program CLIM Neurourol Urodyn 7: 226–228. Google Scholar Mebust WK, Hollgrewe HL, Cockctt ATK, Peters PC (1989): Transurethral prostatectomy: Immediate and postoperative complications. A cooperative study of 13 participating institutions evaluating 3885 patients. J Urol 141: 243–247. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)40731-2 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Meyhoff HH, Hald T (1978): Are doctors able to assess prostatic size? Scand J Urol Nephrol 12: 219–221. 10.3109/00365597809179720 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Meyhoff HH, Ingemann L, Nordling J, Hald T (1981): Accuracy in preoperative estimation of prostatic size. Scand J Urol Nephrol 15: 45–51. 10.3109/00365598109181212 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Meyhoff HH, Nordling J, Hald T (1984): Urodynamic evaluation of transurethral versus transvesical prostatectomy, A randomized study. Scand J Urol Nephrol 18: 27–35. 10.3109/00365598409182160 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ncal DE, Styles RA, Powell PH, Ramsden PD (1987a): Relationship between detrusor function and residual urine in men undergoing prostatectomy. Br J Urol 60: 560–566. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1987.tb05042.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Ncal DE, Styles RA, Powell PH, Thong J, Ramsden PD (1987b): Relationship between voiding pressures, symptoms and urodynamic findings in 25.3 men undergoing prostatectomy. Br J Urol 60: 554–559. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1987.tb05041.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Nielsen KK, Nordling J (1990): Urethral stricture following transurethral prostatectomy. Urology 35: 18–24. 10.1016/0090-4295(90)80005-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Nielsen KK, Kristensen ES, Pedersen OS, Jensen H, Krarup T, Jensen KM-E (1986): Prostatectomy. Symplomalological, uroflowmetric and cystonietric changes after operation and correlation between symptoms, cystometry, cystourethroscopy and flow measurements. Ugeskr Læger 148: 70–74. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Nielsen KK, Kromann-Andersen B, Poulsen AL, Schou J, Nordling J (1994): Subjective and objective evaluation of patients with prostalism and infravesical obstruction treated with both intraprostatic spiral and transurelhral prostatectomy. Neurourol Urodyn 13: 13–19. 10.1002/nau.1930130103 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Rollema HJ, Mastrigt RV (1992): Improved indication and follow-up in transurethral resection of the prostate using the computer program CLIM: A prospective study. J Urol 148: 111–116. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36527-8 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ryall RL, Marshall VR (1982): Normal peak urinary flow rates obtained from small voided volumes can provide a reliable assessment of bladder function J Urol 127: 484–488. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)53877-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Sarky MS, Blaivas JG (1988): Functional types of prostalic obstruction. Neurourol Urodyn 7: 221–222. Google Scholar Sarky MS, Blaivas JG, Schussler G (1988): Bladder outlet conductance: Evolution, normal and obstructive patterns. Neurourol Urodyn 7: 223. Google Scholar Schiller W (1983a): Detrusor as the energy source of micturition. In F Hinman (ed): “ Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.” New York: Springer-Verlag. pp 450–469. Google Scholar Schafer W (1983b): The contribution of the bladder outlet to the relation between pressure and flow rate during micturition In F Hinman (ed): “ Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.” New York: Springer-Verlag. pp 470–496. 10.1007/978-1-4612-5476-8_44 Google Scholar Schafer W (1985): Urethral resistance? Urodynamie concepts ol physiological and pathological bladder outlet function during voiding. Neurourol Urodyn 4: 161–201. 10.1002/nau.1930040304 Google Scholar Schäfer W, Noppency R, Rübben H, Lutzeyer W (1988): The value of free flow rate and pressure/flowstudies in the routine investigation of BPH patients. Neurourol Urodyn 7: 219–221. Google Scholar Scott FB, Quesada EM, Cardus D (1964) Studies on the dynamics of micturition: Observations on healthy men. J Urol 92: 455–463. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63987-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Scott FB, Cardus D, Quesada EM, Riles T (1967): Uroflowmetry before and after prostatectomy. South Med J 60: 948–952. 10.1097/00007611-196709000-00008 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Shoukry I, Susset JG, Elhilali MM, Dutartre D (1975): Role of uroflowmetry in the assessment of lower urinary tract obstruction in adult males. Br J Urol 47: 559–566. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1975.tb06261.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Simonsen O, Moller-Madsen B, Dorllinger T, Norgaard JP, Jørgensen HS, Lundhus E (1987): The significance ol age on symptoms and urodynamie and cystoscopic findings in benign prostatic hypertrophy. Urol Res 15: 355–358. 10.1007/BF00265667 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Siroky MB, Olsson CA, Kranc RJ (1979): The flow rate nomogram. I. Development. J Urol 122: 665–668. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)56550-7 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Siroky MB, Olsson CA, Kranc RJ (1980): The flow rate nomogram. II. Clinical correlation J Urol 123: 208–210. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Smith JC (1968): Urethral resistance to micturition. Br J Urol 40: 125–156. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1968.tb09868.x CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Sommer P, Nielsen KK, Bauer T, Kristensen ES, Hermann GG, Steven K, Nordling J (1990): Voiding patterns in men evaluated by a questionnaire survey. Br J Urol 65: 155–160. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1990.tb14688.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Spangberg A, Teriö H, Ask P (1990): Pressure-flow studies in elderly men without voiding problems: Estimation of the urethral pressure flow relation and urethral elasticity. Neurourol Urodyn 9: 123–138. 10.1002/nau.1930090205 Web of Science®Google Scholar Spangberg A, Teriö H, Ask P, Engberg A (1991): Pressure/flow studies preoperatively and postoperatively in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy: Estimation of the urethral pressure/flow relation and urethral elasticity. Neurourol Urodyn 10: 139–167. 10.1002/nau.1930100202 Web of Science®Google Scholar Speakman MJ, Sethia KK, Fellow GJ, Smith JC (1987): A study of the pathogenesis, urodynamie assessment and outcome of detrusor instability associated with bladder outflow obstruction. Br J Urol 59: 40–44. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1987.tb04576.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Tammela TLJ, Kontturi MJ (1993): Urodynamie effects of finastende m the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction due to benign proslatic hyperplasia. J Urol 149: 342–344. 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36077-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Terio H, Spangherg A, Engberg A, Asp P (1989): Estimation of elastic properties in the urethral flow controlling zone by signal analysis of urodynamic pressure-flow data. Med Biol bng Comput 27: 314–321. 10.1007/BF02441491 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Turner-Warwick R, While-side CG, Arnold EP, Bates CP, Worth PHL, Milroy KGJ, Webster JR, Weir J (1973): A urodynamic view of prostatie obstruction and the results of prostatectomy. Br J Urol 45: 631–645. 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1973.tb12234.x PubMedGoogle Scholar von Garrelts B (1957): Micturition in the normal male. Acta C'hir Scand 114: 197–210. PubMedGoogle Scholar Webb JAW, Reznek RH, Catlell WR, Kelsey FI (1981): Renal function after high dose urography in patients with renal failure Br J Radiol 54: 459–483. 10.1259/0007-1285-54-642-479 PubMedGoogle Scholar Citing Literature Volume13, Issue31994Pages 201-217 ReferencesRelatedInformation