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Burnout en médicos de atención primaria de la provincia de Cáceres

2002; Elsevier BV; Volume: 29; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Espanhol

10.1016/s0212-6567(02)70567-2

1885-8570

L. Prieto Albino, E. Robles Agüero, Lucas Mengual Martínez, Elsa Miraida Varela Vega,

Occupational Health and Burnout

Analizar el grado de desgaste profesional en médicos de atención primaria de nuestra provincia y la influencia de diversos factores. Estudio transversal, descriptivo y analítico. Provincial, atención primaria. Todos los médicos de primaria de la provincia de Cáceres (n = 255). Cuestionario autoadministrado y anónimo, Maslach Burnout Inventory, que valora: despersonalización (DP), autoestima (PA) y agotamiento emocional (AE); variables sociodemográficas, sociolaborales, preguntas personales y medidas adoptadas si hay estrés laboral. Análisis mediante t de Student y Anova (medias) y ji-cuadrado o Fisher (porcentajes). Un total de 157 cuestionarios válidos (tasa de respuesta, 62%). La edad media es 41,5 ± 7,2 años; 75% varones, 80,2% casados, 73,2% propietarios, 48,9% ejercen en núcleos urbanos, presión asistencial media de 40,5 ± 16,5 pacientes/día. Los valores medios obtenidos fueron: DP, 8,3 ± 5,8; PA, 35,2 ± 8,4; AE, 22 ± 11,3; un 65,8% presentó elevadas puntuaciones en alguna de las tres. Para AE las medias fueron significativamente superiores en varón, propietario, de centro urbano, más de 10 años de antigüedad o atendía a más de 40 pacientes/día. Un 50% presentaba alteraciones psicofísicas en los 3 meses previos; el 33% soporta mucha burocracia; ambos grupos muestran medias < PA y > AE. Dedicar < 2 h/día al ocio asocia > AE y ser tutor un nivel significativamente superior de burnout. Alteraciones en la esfera familiar o sociolaboral asocian niveles elevados de DP y AE (p < 0,001). Coincidiendo con otros estudios, encontramos un nivel moderado de desgaste profesional en nuestros encuestados. La antigüedad, conflictividad sociolaboral y familiar, y ciertas características personales y laborales se asocian con niveles altos de desgaste. To analyse the degree of professional burnout in primary care doctors from our province and the effect of various factors. Descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study. Primary care (PC) in the province All the PC doctors in the province of Cáceres (n=255). Self-administered anonymous questionnaire: the Maslach Burnout Inventory that evaluates Depersonalisation (DP), Self-esteem (SE), and Emotional Exhaustion (EE); social and personal variables, work data, personal questions and measures taken if there was work stress. Student´s t test, ANOVA (means), and Chi-square or Fisher test (percentages) were used. 157 valid questionnaires were returned (62% response rate). Mean age was 41.5 years old±7.2; 75% were male, 80.2% married, 73.2% had tenure, 48.9% worked in towns, and their mean case-load was 40.5±16.5 patients/day. Mean values found were: DP, 8.3±5.8; SE, 35.2±8.4; EE, 22±11.3; 65.8% scored high on one of the three. For EE mean scores were significantly higher in men, doctors with tenure, in towns, those with >10 years seniority or who saw >40 patients a day. 50% had had psycho-physical disorders in the previous 3 months; 33% withstood a lot of bureaucracy; both groups had EE averages. Dedicating EE; and being a tutor with a significantly higher level of burnout. Disorders in the family or social/work sphere were associated with high levels of DP and EE (P<.001). Like other studies, we found a moderate level of burnout in our sample. Seniority, social/labour or family conflict, and certain personal and job characteristics were associated with high burnout.