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Three-dimensional crust and mantle structure of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

1977; American Geophysical Union; Volume: 82; Issue: 33 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1029/jb082i033p05379

2156-2202

William L. Ellsworth, Robert Y. Koyanagi,

earthquake and tectonic studies

Journal of Geophysical Research (1896-1977)Volume 82, Issue 33 p. 5379-5394 Three-dimensional crust and mantle structure of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii William L. Ellsworth, William L. EllsworthSearch for more papers by this authorRobert Y. Koyanagi, Robert Y. KoyanagiSearch for more papers by this author William L. Ellsworth, William L. EllsworthSearch for more papers by this authorRobert Y. Koyanagi, Robert Y. KoyanagiSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 November 1977 https://doi.org/10.1029/JB082i033p05379Citations: 153AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Teleseismic P wave arrival times recorded by a dense network of seismograph stations located on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, are inverted to determine lateral variations in crust and upper mantle structure to a depth of 70 km. The crustal structure is dominated by relatively high velocities within the central summit complex and along the two radial rift zones, compared with the nonrift flank of the volcano. Both the mean crustal velocity contrast between summit and nonrift flank and the distribution of velocities agree well with results from crustal refraction studies. Comparison of the velocity structure with Bouguer gravity anomalies over the volcano through a simple physical model also gives excellent agreement. Mantle structure appears to be more homogeneous than crustal structure. The root mean square velocity variation for the mantle averages only 1.5%, whereas variation within the crust exceeds 4%. The summit of Kilauea is underlain by normal velocity (8.1 km/s) material within the uppermost mantle (12–25 km), suggesting that large magma storage reservoirs are not present at this level and that the passageways from deeper sources must be quite narrow. No evidence is found for substantial volumes of partially molten rock (5%) within the mantle to depths of at least 40 km. Below about 30 km, low-velocity zones (1–2%) underlie the summits of Kilauea and nearby Mauna Loa and extend south of Kilauea into a broad offshore zone. Correlation of volcanic tremor source locations and persistent zones of mantle earthquakes with low-velocity mantle between 27.5- and 42.5-km depth suggests that a laterally extensive conduit system feeds magma to the volcanic summits from sources either at comparable depth or deeper within the mantle. 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