Pharmacokinetic Effects of Diphenhydramine or Oxycodone in Simulated Acetaminophen Overdose
2005; Wiley; Volume: 12; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1553-2712.2005.tb00859.x
ISSN1553-2712
AutoresS. Eliza Halcomb, Marco L.A. Sivilotti, Anil Goklaney, Michael E. Mullins,
Tópico(s)Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
ResumoObjectives: To determine the effects of co-ingested diphenhydramine (DPH) or oxycodone (OXY) on the absorption kinetics of simulated acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Methods: This was an institutional review board–approved, prospective crossover study of ten healthy human volunteers ingesting 5 grams of APAP, 5 grams of APAP + 250 mg of DPH (APAP+DPH), or 5 grams of APAP + 0.5 mg/kg of OXY (APAP+OXY). Serum APAP concentrations (APAPs) were measured hourly from zero through eight hours and again at 24 hours, and basic noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were compared. Results: For APAP alone, the mean parameters were: maximum APAP concentration ([APAP]max) 71.8 μg/mL, time to peak [APAP] (tmax) 1.71 hours, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC0–8) 318.3 μg-hr/mL. For APAP+DPH, the mean parameters were: [APAP]max 67.6 μg/mL, tmax 1.90 hours, and AUC0–8 297.7 μg-hr/mL. For APAP+OXY, the parameters were: [APAP]max 42.9 μg/mL, tmax 2.87 hours, and AUC0–8 232.1 μg-hr/mL. Compared with APAP alone, APAP+OXY had a 27% lower AUC, a 40% lower [APAP]max, and a 68% longer tmax. Co-ingested DPH had no significant effect on APAP absorption, except a 6% decrease in the AUC. Conclusions: Co-ingested OXY, but not DPH, delayed absorption of APAP. This suggests a potential role for activated charcoal administration beyond one hour postingestion after mixed ingestions that include OXY.
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