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Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public

2000; Wiley; Volume: 44; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2307/2669264

1540-5907

Franklin D. Gilliam, Shanto Iyengar,

Social Media and Politics

Local television is the public's primary source of public affairs information. News stories about crime dominate local programming because they meet the demand for 'action The prevalence of this type of reporting has led to a crime narrative or that includes two core elements: crime is violent and perpetrators of crime are non-white males. We show that this script has become an ingrained heuristic for understanding crime and race. Using a multi-method design, we assess the impact of the crime script on the viewing public. Our central finding is that exposure to the racial element of the crime script increases support for punitive approaches to crime and heightens negative attitudes about African-Americans among white, but not black, viewers. In closing, we consider the implications of our results for intergroup relations, electoral politics, and the practice of journalism. ocal television is America's principal window on the world. Surveys of television viewing (e.g., Roper-Starch 1994), hours of daily programming (Papper and Gerhard 1999) and the actual share of the viewing audience captured by local newscasts (Hess 1991), all demonstrate the dominance of local news. In fact, people can watch live local almost anytime-mornings, afternoons, evenings, prime time, and late night. As the amount of time has increased, so too has competition between stations. The drive for audience ratings pushes local organizations to favor an action news format. Stories about crime provide several necessary ingredients for the successful marketing of news-concrete events with powerful impact on ordinary people, drama and emotion, and, above all, attention-getting visuals. The special attraction of television to crime is reflected in the content of local television news. In a recent study of fifty-six different cities, crime was the most prominently featured subject in the local (Klite, Bardwell, and Salzman 1997). In some cities, crime accounted for more than 75 percent of all coverage. We argue that local coverage of crime follows a standard script that features two distinct elements. First, crime is violent. Armed bank robberies, homicides, home invasions, car)ackings, and gang-related activities are now staples of local news. The second element of the crime script is the presence of a particular suspect. Episodic reporting requires a regular cast of characters the most prominent of which is the suspect. Given the visual nature of the medium, the importance of the suspect to the script means that crime is often accompanied by racial imagery (Campbell,