Spontaneous Skull Base Meningoencephaloceles and Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulas
2013; Radiological Society of North America; Volume: 33; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1148/rg.332125028
ISSN1527-1323
AutoresRaquel Cano Alonso, Mar Jiménez de la Peña, Anne G. Caicoya, Manuel Recio Rodríguez, Elena Álvarez Moreno, Vicente Martínez de Vega,
Tópico(s)Neurosurgical Procedures and Complications
ResumoCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas are characterized by the egress of CSF from the intracranial cavity through an osteodural disruption between the subarachnoid space and a pneumatized structure within the skull base. Depending on the cause, CSF fistulas are classified as acquired or congenital, and acquired fistulas are further classified as traumatic, nontraumatic, or spontaneous. Spontaneous CSF fistulas are considered to result from a multifactorial process and have been postulated to represent a variant of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. However, an anatomic predisposition involving thinning of the cranial base, such as pneumatization of the sinus walls, must also be present. This process creates areas of structural weakness that act as potential pathways for CSF leaks, which most commonly occur in the ethmoid roof, sphenoid sinus, and temporal bone. Because CSF leaks may be overlooked, a result of their asymptomatic or subtle, intermittent course, a high level of suspicion is crucial in making an early diagnosis. However, CSF fistulas may be well seen at computed tomography (CT), which depicts bone defects, and magnetic resonance cisternography, which reveals the contents of herniated tissue. Knowledge of the location and size of the bone defect and herniated contents is crucial for the selection of surgical approach and grafting material. © RSNA, 2013
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