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Measures to assess the prognostic ability of the stratified Cox proportional hazards model

2008; Wiley; Volume: 28; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/sim.3378

1097-0258

Lisa Pennells, Ian R. White, Angela Wood, Stephen Kaptoge, Nadeem Sarwar, John B. Kostis, A. C. Wilson, Aaron R. Folsom, Lloyd E. Chambless, Michal Benderly, Uri Goldbourt, Johann Willeit, Stefan Kiechl, J. W. G. Yarnell, P M Sweetnam, Mary Cushman, Bruce M. Psaty, Russell P. Tracy, Anne Tybjærg‐Hansen, F. Haverkate, Moniek P.M. de Maat, Simon G. Thompson, F.G.R. Fowkes, Amanda Lee, Fraser Smith, Veikko Salomaa, Kennet Harald, Elina Vahtera, Pekka Jousilahti, Juha Pekkanen, Ralph B. D’Agostino, W B Kannel, Peter W.F. Wilson, Geoffrey H. Tofler, Daniel Levy, Roberto Marchioli, Franco Valagussa, Annika Rosengren, Lars Wilhelmsen, Georgios Lappas, H. Eriksson, Peter Cremer, D. Nagel, J. David Curb, Beatriz L. Rodríguez, Ken Yano, Jukka T. Salonen, K. Nyyssönen, Tomi‐Pekka Tuomainen, Bo Hedblad, Gunnar Engström, G. Berglund, Hannelore Loewel, Wolfgang Köenig, Hans‐Werner Hense, T W Meade, J. Cooper, Bianca De Stavola, Clare Knottenbelt, G. J. Miller, J. A. Copper, K. A. Bauer, Robert Rosenberg, Shin-ichi Sato, Akihiko Kitamura, Yusuke Naito, Hiroyasu Iso, Vesa Rasi, Timo Palosuo, Pierre Ducimetière, Philippe Amouyel, Dominique Arveiler, A. E. Evans, Jean Ferrières, I. Juhan‐Vague, A. Bingham, H. Schulte, Gerd Assmann, Bernard Cantin, Benoı̂t Lamarche, Jean‐Philippe Després, Gilles R. Dagenais, Hugh Tunstall‐Pedoe, G.D.O. Lowe, Mark Woodward, Yoav Ben–Shlomo, George Davey Smith, Vincenzo Palmieri, J. L. Yeh, Paul V. Brennan, Alicja R. Rudnicka, Jackie A. Cooper, P. Ridker, F. Rodeghiero, Alberto Tosetto, J. Shepherd, Ian Ford, Michele Robertson, Eric J. Brunner, M Shipley, Edith J. M. Feskens, Daan Kromhout, John Danesh, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Sarah Lewington, M R Walker,

Chronic Disease Management Strategies

Many measures have been proposed to summarize the prognostic ability of the Cox proportional hazards (CPH) survival model, although none is universally accepted for general use. By contrast, little work has been done to summarize the prognostic ability of the stratified CPH model; such measures would be useful in analyses of individual participant data from multiple studies, data from multi-centre studies, and in single study analysis where stratification is used to avoid making assumptions of proportional hazards. We have chosen three measures developed for the unstratified CPH model (Schemper and Henderson's V , Harrell's C-index and Royston and Sauerbrei's D), adapted them for use with the stratified CPH model and demonstrated how their values can be represented over time. Although each of these measures is promising in principle, we found the measure of explained variation V very difficult to apply when data are combined from several studies with differing durations of participant follow-up. The two other measures considered, D and the C-index, were more applicable under such circumstances. We illustrate the methods using individual participant data from several prospective epidemiological studies of chronic disease outcomes.