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Increased Nephrotoxicity after Combined Administration of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Rats

2011; BioMed Central; Volume: 27; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.5625/lar.2011.27.1.25

2233-7660

Dongsun Park, Tae Kyoung Kim, Young Jin Choi, Sun Hee Lee, Dae‐Kwon Bae, Goeun Yang, Yun‐Hui Yang, Seong Soo Joo, Ehn‐Kyoung Choi, Byeongwoo Ahn, Jong-Choon Kim, Kil‐Soo Kim, Yun-Bae Kim,

Mercury impact and mitigation studies

Renal toxicity by melamine in combination with cyanuric acid (1:1) was investigated. Male rats were orally administered melamine plus cyanuric acid (5, 50 or 400 mg/kg each) for 3 days. In contrast to a negligible effect by melamine alone (50 mg/kg, a no-observed-adverse-effect-level: NOAEL), co-administration with cyanuric acid markedly increased the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, as well as kidney weight. A high dose (400 mg/kg) of melamine plus cyanuric acid induced more severe kidney toxicity. The increased blood parameters for kidney toxicity and organ weight lasted longer than 4 days. Combined treatment with melamine and cyanuric acid (50-400 mg/kg each) resulted in many gold-brown crystals and toxic lesions in renal tubules, which were not observed in animals treated with melamine alone (50 mg/kg). These results indicate that only a 3-day exposure to melamine in combination with cyanuric acid causes severe renal damage, even at a NOAEL for melamine found in a 13-week toxicity study. Therefore, it is suggested that the tolerable daily intake or regulatory/management levels of melamine need to be re-considered for cases of co-exposure with cyanuric acid.