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Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome

2012; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 486; Issue: 7402 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/nature11234

1476-4687

Curtis Huttenhower, Dirk Gevers, Rob Knight, Sahar Abubucker, Jonathan H. Badger, Asif Chinwalla, Heather H. Creasy, Ashlee M. Earl, Michael G. FitzGerald, Robert S. Fulton, Michelle Giglio, Kymberlie Hallsworth-Pepin, Elizabeth A. Lobos, Ramana Madupu, Vincent Magrini, John Martin, Makedonka Mitreva, Donna M. Muzny, Erica Sodergren, James Versalovic, Aye Wollam, Kim C. Worley, Jennifer R. Wortman, Sarah Young, Qiandong Zeng, Kjersti M. Aagaard, Olukemi O. Abolude, Emma Allen‐Vercoe, Eric J. Alm, Lucia Alvarado, Gary L. Andersen, Scott Anderson, Elizabeth L. Appelbaum, Harindra Arachchi, Gary C. Armitage, Cesar Arze, Tulin Ayvaz, Carl C. Baker, Lisa Begg, Tsegahiwot Belachew, Veena Bhonagiri, Monika Bihan, Martin J. Blaser, Toby Bloom, Vivien Bonazzi, J. Paul Brooks, Gregory A. Buck, Christian Buhay, Dana Busam, Joseph L. Campbell, Shane R. Canon, Brandi L. Cantarel, Patrick Chain, I.-Min A. Chen, Lei Chen, Shaila Chhibba, Ken Chu, Dawn Ciulla, José C. Clemente, Sandra W. Clifton, Sean Conlan, Jonathan Crabtree, Mary A. Cutting, Noam J. Davidovics, Catherine Davis, Todd Z. DeSantis, Carolyn Deal, Kimberley D. Delehaunty, Floyd E. Dewhirst, Elena Deych, Yan Ding, David J. Dooling, Shannon Dugan, W. Michael Dunne, A. Scott Durkin, R. C. Edgar, Rachel Erlich, Candace N. Farmer, Ruth M. Farrell, Karoline Faust, Michael Feldgarden, Victor Felix, Sheila Fisher, Anthony A. Fodor, Larry J. Forney, Leslie Foster, Valentina Di Francesco, Jonathan Friedman, Dennis C. Friedrich, Catrina C. Fronick, Lucinda Fulton, Hongyu Gao, M. Nathalia Garcia, Georgia Giannoukos, Christina Giblin, Maria Y. Giovanni, Jonathan M. Goldberg, Johannes B. Goll, Antonio González, Allison Griggs, Sharvari Gujja, Susan Kinder Haake, Brian J. Haas, Holli Hamilton, Emily Harris, Theresa A. Hepburn, Brandi Herter, Diane E. Hoffmann, Michael Holder, Clinton Howarth, Katherine Huang, Susan M. Huse, Jacques Izard, Janet Jansson, Huaiyang Jiang, Catherine Jordan, Vandita Joshi, James A. Katancik, Wendy A. Keitel, Scott T. Kelley, Cristyn Kells, Nicholas B. King, Dan Knights, Heidi H. Kong, Omry Koren, Sergey Koren, Karthik Kota, Christie Kovar, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Patricio S. La Rosa, Sandra L. Lee, Katherine P. Lemon, Niall J. Lennon, Cecil M. Lewis, Lora Lewis, Ruth E. Ley, Kelvin Li, Konstantinos Liolios, Bo Liu, Yue Liu, Chien- Chi Lo, Catherine Lozupone, R. Dwayne Lunsford, Tessa Madden, Anup Mahurkar, Peter Mannon, Elaine R. Mardis, Victor Markowitz, Konstantinos Mavromatis, Jamison McCorrison, Daniel McDonald, Jean E. McEwen, Amy L. McGuire, Pamela McInnes, Teena Mehta, Kathie A. Mihindukulasuriya, Jason Miller, Patrick Minx, Irene Newsham, Chad Nusbaum, Michelle Oglaughlin, Joshua Orvis, Ioanna Pagani, Krishna Palaniappan, Shital M. Patel, M.A. Pearson, Jane Peterson, Mircea Podar, Craig Pohl, Katherine S. Pollard, Mihai Pop, Margaret Priest, Lita M. Proctor, Xiang Qin, Jeroen Raes, Jacques Ravel, Jeffrey G. Reid, Mina Rho, Rosamond Rhodes, Kevin Riehle, Maria C. Rivera, Beltran Rodriguez-Mueller, Yu Hui Rogers, Matthew C. Ross, Carsten Russ, Ravi Sanka, Pamela Sankar, J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti, Jeffery A. Schloss, Patrick D. Schloss, Thomas M. Schmidt, Matthew Scholz, Lynn M. Schriml, Alyxandria M. Schubert, Nicola Segata, Julia A. Segre, William D. Shannon, Richard R. Sharp, Thomas J. Sharpton, Narmada Shenoy, Nihar U. Sheth, Gina Simone, Indresh Singh, Christopher S. Smillie, Jack D. Sobel, Doron D. Sommer, Paul Spicer, Granger G. Sutton, Sean M. Sykes, Diana Tabbaa, Mathangi Thiagarajan, Chad Tomlinson, Manolito Torralba, Todd J. Treangen, Rebecca Truty, Tatiana A. Vishnivetskaya, Jason Walker, Lu Wang, Zhengyuan Wang, Doyle V. Ward, Wesley C. Warren, Mark A. Watson, Christopher Wellington, Kris A. Wetterstrand, James R. White, Katarzyna Wilczek-Boney, Yuanqing Wu, Kristine M. Wylie, Todd Wylie, Chandri Yandava, Ye Liang, Yuzhen Ye, Shibu Yooseph, Bonnie P. Youmans, Lan Zhang, Yanjiao Zhou, Yiming Zhu, Laurie Zoloth, Jeremy Zucker, Susan J. Birren, Richard A. Gibbs, Sarah K. Highlander, Barbara A. Methé, William Nelson, Joseph F. Petrosino, George M. Weinstock, Richard K. Wilson, Owen White,

Urinary Tract Infections Management

Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although diet, environment, host genetics and early microbial exposure have all been implicated. Accordingly, to characterize the ecology of human-associated microbial communities, the Human Microbiome Project has analysed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats so far. We found the diversity and abundance of each habitat's signature microbes to vary widely even among healthy subjects, with strong niche specialization both within and among individuals. The project encountered an estimated 81–99% of the genera, enzyme families and community configurations occupied by the healthy Western microbiome. Metagenomic carriage of metabolic pathways was stable among individuals despite variation in community structure, and ethnic/racial background proved to be one of the strongest associations of both pathways and microbes with clinical metadata. These results thus delineate the range of structural and functional configurations normal in the microbial communities of a healthy population, enabling future characterization of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome. The Human Microbiome Project Consortium reports the first results of their analysis of microbial communities from distinct, clinically relevant body habitats in a human cohort; the insights into the microbial communities of a healthy population lay foundations for future exploration of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome. The Human Microbiome Project (HMP), supported by the National Institutes of Health Common Fund, has the goal of characterizing the microbial communities that inhabit and interact with the human body in sickness and in health. In two Articles in this issue of Nature, the HMP Consortium presents the first population-scale details of the organismal and functional composition of the microbiota across five areas of the body. An associated News & Views discusses the initial results — which, along with those of a series of co-publications, already constitute the most extensive catalogue of organisms and genes related to the human microbiome yet published — and highlights some of the major questions that the project will tackle in the next few years.