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Hygiene: How Myths, Monsters, and Mothers-in-Law can Promote Behaviour Change

2001; Elsevier BV; Volume: 43; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1053/jinf.2001.0862

1532-2742

V. Curtis,

Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology

Edited transcript of an oral presentation I used to think of hygiene as something akin to a Pandora’s box, with all sorts of strange, peculiar and wonderful things inside. Hygiene has myth, it has monsters, Pasteur’s invisible monsters, sacred monsters like mothers-in-law, but also science, and much confusion. At least that is how I felt when I started to work in hygiene. I do not think we yet have a complete understanding of what hygiene is or what motivates it. But if we are to make a difference, we need to understand what hygiene is in people’s minds. We need to look at hygiene in two ways. Anthropologists suggest that we can look from two perspectives, from the outside, the etic view and from the inside, the emic view. We are used, as scientists, to looking at hygiene from the outside, the scientific observers’ point of view. What practice relates to which microbe, and what is the risk of infection? We are much less used to trying to see hygiene from the point of view of the people who practice it. To them hygiene is not simply a matter of avoiding germs, it is far more complex. This paper takes a journey into emic understandings of hygiene and tries to understand it from the inside. I take clues from history, anthropology, marketing and consumer science, psychology and biology and try to build a model of what motivates hygiene. My reason is that I contend that we cannot hope to encourage safer hygiene behaviour in the home if we do not understand what motivates it. History shows that people have always been hygienic. The earliest artefacts we have of human civilization include grooming implements. Evidence of latrines and water supplies were found in excavations in the Indus Valley dating from circa 4000 BC. Roman forts on Hadrian’s Wall 2000 years ago had shared latrine facilities whose remains are still visible today.