Twelve-year proximity relationships in a captive group of western lowland gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla ) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, California, USA
2014; Wiley; Volume: 33; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1002/zoo.21131
ISSN1098-2361
AutoresMasayuki Nakamichi, Kenji Onishi, April Silldorf, Peggy Sexton,
Tópico(s)Human-Animal Interaction Studies
ResumoZoo BiologyVolume 33, Issue 3 p. 173-183 Research Article Twelve-year proximity relationships in a captive group of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, California, USA Masayuki Nakamichi, Corresponding Author Masayuki Nakamichi Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, JapanCorrespondence to: Masayuki Nakamichi, Department of Ethology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorKenji Onishi, Kenji Onishi Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorApril Silldorf, April Silldorf The San Diego Zoo Safari Park, Escondido, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorPeggy Sexton, Peggy Sexton The San Diego Zoo Safari Park, Escondido, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author Masayuki Nakamichi, Corresponding Author Masayuki Nakamichi Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, JapanCorrespondence to: Masayuki Nakamichi, Department of Ethology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorKenji Onishi, Kenji Onishi Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorApril Silldorf, April Silldorf The San Diego Zoo Safari Park, Escondido, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorPeggy Sexton, Peggy Sexton The San Diego Zoo Safari Park, Escondido, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 May 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21131Citations: 3Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Proximity data were collected in a captive breeding group of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park (currently called the San Diego Zoo Safari Park) twice a year (spring and fall periods) for over 12 years, by using a convenient method in which individuals less than 5 m from each animal in the group were recorded by scan sampling, approximately once per hour. Immature females from infancy to young adulthood maintained relatively frequent proximity to both their mothers and the silverback male and spent little time alone (no animals within 10 m), with relatively large individual differences. On the other hand, immature males decreased the time spent near their mothers and the silverback male and increased the time spent alone with increasing age. Therefore, sex differences in proximity to mothers and the silverback male became apparent after late juvenility. Some adult females maintained increased frequency of proximity to the silverback male than that by other females over the 12-year period, indicating the presence of long-term, stable proximity relationships between the silverback male and the adult females. Such long-term, stable proximity relationships were also observed among adult females. Some association patterns reported in wild gorillas, such as frequent proximity between adult females with dependent offspring and the silverback male and close relationships between related females, were not observed in the present study. The idiosyncratic or individual factors influencing some association patterns were easily reflected in captive situations. Zoo Biol. 33:173–183, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. REFERENCES Bashaw MJ, Bloomsmith MA, Maple TL, Bercovitch FB. 2007. The structure of social relationships among captive female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). J Com Psychol 121: 46–53. 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