Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

HIV and co‐infections

2013; Wiley; Volume: 254; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/imr.12063

1600-065X

Christina C. Chang, Megan Crane, Jingling Zhou, Michael Mina, Jeffrey J. Post, Barbara Cameron, Andrew R. Lloyd, Anthony Jaworowski, Martyn A. French, Sharon R. Lewin,

HIV Research and Treatment

Summary Despite significant reductions in morbidity and mortality secondary to availability of effective combination anti‐retroviral therapy ( cART ), human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection still accounts for 1.5 million deaths annually. The majority of deaths occur in sub‐ S aharan A frica where rates of opportunistic co‐infections are disproportionately high. In this review, we discuss the immunopathogenesis of five common infections that cause significant morbidity in HIV ‐infected patients globally. These include co‐infection with M ycobacterium tuberculosis , C ryptococcus neoformans , hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and P lasmodium falciparum . Specifically, we review the natural history of each co‐infection in the setting of HIV , the specific immune defects induced by HIV , the effects of cART on the immune response to the co‐infection, the pathogenesis of immune restoration disease ( IRD ) associated with each infection, and advances in the areas of prevention of each co‐infection via vaccination. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and gaps in knowledge for future research.