Spectrophotometric study of Iron, Nitrate and Phosphate in the water of river Tons at Mau (Maunath Bhanjan)
2012; World Wide Journals; Volume: 1; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês
10.15373/22778179/dec2012/33
ISSN2277-8179
AutoresShafqat Alauddin, Shailendra Yadav, Tamheed Firdaus,
Tópico(s)Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
ResumoThe present study specially aims to study spectrophotometerically the water quality of river Tons at Mau(Maunath Bhanjan). In the river Tons direct wastes like industrial garbage, household sewage as well as industrial wastes is dumped without treatment. River Tons is continuously been contaminated by the sewage and other types of wastes especially wastes from textile industry. In the present study three parameters were chosen viz. iron, nitrate and phosphate. Although river water of Tons would contain appreciable amount of iron, nitrate and phosphate. This study revealed that there is marked vari- ation in the levels of these parameters during the years of study 2009, 2010 and 2011, sometimes it has been found to be more than WHO maximum contamination level. INTRODUCTION- In continuation of our study1,2 on water quality of different rivers, we have now chosen river Tons of Mau(Maunath Bhanjan). Mau is situated on the fertile plains of the Ganges-Ghaghara doab. It lies between 83° 17' to 84° 52' East & 24° 47' to 26°17' North. At its north, Ghaghara river is on the border,Ghazipur district is on the south, Ballia district is on the east & Azamgarh district is on the west side. This district represents geographical characteristics of mid Gangetic plain. Khachari and Khadar are types of soil found in the areas of north of Azamgarh - Ballia Road. In some high places soil is also found. In the southern part of the district, river flow is absent, due to which that area has Bangar type of soil, which is not fertile. The river system of the district is dominated by the Tons River and its tributary Choti Sarju. The Ghaghara Riv- er forms the northern border of the district. The main means of irrigation in the district are tubewells. Farmers use tubewell for irrigation purposes. A preliminary survey of the river Tonse at Maunath Bhanjan showed that there were several points of interest. It flows from the suburban areas of the district Mau- nath Bhanjan to the Mau city. It provides important source of water for the purpose of irrigation and drinking to the people of Maunath Bhanjan. The river water of Tonse would contain ap- preciable amount of iron, nitrate and phosphate. Iron is essential nutrient reached into the river water with sur- face runoff during rains, because in rains iron dissolves from the soil in the runoff water. So during rainy season the level of iron contamination is higher in comparison to other season. Increase in the iron enhances the growth of the algae which can block the sunlight to reach the other aquatic bodies. High concentra- tion of iron may increase the acidity of the water which not good for aquatic life. Iron is not hazardous to human health but it is considered as secondary aesthetic contaminant at high concen- tration. Nitrate is an important mineral in the river water. Nitrate in water is present as highly soluble salt, as per the public health standard the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of nitrate for safe drinking water is 10 ppm as nitrate-N or 45 ppm as nitrate. Consumption of drinking water with high nitrate level causes hypertrophy of thyroid gland resulting in hyperthyroidism. Phosphate enter the river water from human and animal wastes, phosphate rich rocks, laundries wastes , treatment of boiler wa- ter and agricultural practices in the form of fertilizers' residues. Organic phosphates are found primarily by biological processes, but also contributed by domestic sewage. Phosphates also oc- cur in bottom sediments and in biological sludge, both in the precipitated inorganic forms and incorporated into organic compounds. Phosphate enhancement in the river and lakes are the cause of algal bloom (eutrophication) which reduces the dis- solved oxygen in water and disrupt the natural water cycle. In general phosphate would not hurt human beings and animals unless present in very high concentration. The WHO threshold limit3 for phosphate is 0.05mg/l. SAMPLING- Water samples were randomly collected at seven sampling stations, details of which are given in table (1). Sam- ples were taken at a distance of 3.0 meters inside the river from the bank and depth of about 0.20 meter before about two months from the start of rainy season, during rainy season and about two months after the rainy season. TABLE-1 DETAILS OF SAMPLING STATIONS
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