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Rabbit genome analysis reveals a polygenic basis for phenotypic change during domestication

2014; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Volume: 345; Issue: 6200 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1126/science.1253714

1095-9203

Miguel Carneiro, Carl‐Johan Rubin, Federica Di Palma, Frank W. Albert, Jessica Alföldi, Álvaro Martínez Barrio, Gerli Pielberg, Nima Rafati, Shumaila Sayyab, Jason Turner-Maier, Shady Younis, Sandra Afonso, Bronwen Aken, Joel M. Alves, Daniel Barrell, Gérard Bolet, Samuel Boucher, Hernán A. Burbano, Rita Campos, Jean L. Chang, Véronique Duranthon, Luca Fontanesi, Hervé Garreau, David I. Heiman, Jeremy Johnson, Rose G. Mage, Ze Peng, Guillaume Queney, Claire Rogel Gaillard, Magali Ruffier, Steve Searle, Rafael Villafuerte, Anqi Xiong, Sarah Young, Karin Forsberg‐Nilsson, Jeffrey M. Good, Eric S. Lander, Nuno Ferrand, Kerstin Lindblad‐Toh, Leif Andersson,

Wildlife Ecology and Conservation

The genetic changes underlying the initial steps of animal domestication are still poorly understood. We generated a high-quality reference genome for the rabbit and compared it to resequencing data from populations of wild and domestic rabbits. We identified more than 100 selective sweeps specific to domestic rabbits but only a relatively small number of fixed (or nearly fixed) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for derived alleles. SNPs with marked allele frequency differences between wild and domestic rabbits were enriched for conserved noncoding sites. Enrichment analyses suggest that genes affecting brain and neuronal development have often been targeted during domestication. We propose that because of a truly complex genetic background, tame behavior in rabbits and other domestic animals evolved by shifts in allele frequencies at many loci, rather than by critical changes at only a few domestication loci.