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Occurrence of Anopheles (Anopheles) fluminensis Root in the City of São Paulo, Brazil

2013; Medknow; Volume: 50; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.4103/0972-9062.112538

0972-9062

Mauro Toledo Marrelli, Guilherme de Carvalho, Walter Ceretti-Jr, Antônio Ralph Medeiros‐Sousa, Antônio Ralph Medeiros‐Sousa, Paulo Roberto Urbinatti, Marcos Marques da Silva Paula, Aristides Fernandes,

Malaria Research and Control

Malaria is considered one of the most important tropical diseases, affecting millions of people in the world 1 . In Brazil, approximately 97% of the malaria cases are focused in only six states of the Amazon region: Acre, Amapa, Amazonas, Para, Rondonia and Roraima. The majority of the cases occur in rural areas, having reports of disease also in urban areas 2 . The transmission of autochthonous malaria outside of the Amazon region occurs in several Brazilian states, mainly those associated with the ecosystem of the Serra do Mar 3 . In the State of Sao Paulo, the disease is characterized by sporadic outbreaks in the west and persistent transmission in the east of the state where only mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic cases, caused by Plasmodium vivax, occur with low parasitemia. Anopheles (Kertezsia) cruzii and An. (Ker) bellator (Diptera: Culicidae) have been incriminated as the main local vectors of the pathogen 2, 3 . However, fluctuations in weather conditions can promote the emergence of other potential vectors 1, 4 . According to the Superintendencia de Controle de Endemias (SUCEN), the epidemiological situation of malaria in the State of Sao Paulo is under control, with no systematic entomological surveillance as there was in the past. Currently, scientific research is now the main source of information about the distribution of the anopheline species in the State of Sao Paulo 5 . In a study that aimed to understand the biodiversity of Culicidae in municipal parks of the City of Sao Paulo, the discovery of An. (Anopheles) fluminensis Root in the city was an important result since this species had never been recorded before, but there is a record about An. fluminensis in some areas of the State of Sao Paulo 6 .