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Retention Characteristics of Attachment Systems for Implant Overdentures

2004; Wiley; Volume: 13; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1532-849x.2004.04042.x

1532-849X

Kwok‐Hung Chung, C. F. Chung, David R. Cagna, Robert J. Cronin,

Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the retention characteristics of various overdenture attachment systems commonly used to retain overdentures to dental implants. Materials and Methods: An edentulous mandibular model was constructed incorporating 2 parallel 4.0 mm × 13 mm Branemark implants placed in the canine regions. Attachments were embedded in a metal‐reinforced experimental overdenture designed to be dislodged from the model by a universal testing machine. Tensile dislodging force was applied to the overdenture at a cross‐head speed of 50 mm/min. Five overdentures were constructed for each of the attachment systems. The attachments evaluated were the Hader bar & metal clip, Locator LR pink, Locator LR white, Spheroflex ball, Shiner magnet, Maxi magnet, Magnedisc magnet, ERA white, and ERA gray. Each apparatus was tested with 5 specimens per attachment system. Peak load‐to‐dislodgement was measured. Analysis of variance and Scheffé multiple comparison tests were applied to the data with α≤ 0.05 level of significance. Results: Peak load‐to‐dislodgement for all attachment systems ranged from 3.68 ± 1.32 N to 35.24 ± 1.99 N. Strain‐at‐dislodgement, calculated from stress‐strain curves, ranged from 0.78 ± 0.20% to 2.78 ± 0.5%. The ERA gray attachment demonstrated the greatest retention, with a peak load‐to‐dislodgement of 35.24 ± 1.99 N, and a relatively low strain‐at‐dislodgement of 1.64 ± 0.09%. Less retention was recorded for the Locator LR white, Spheroflex ball, Hader bar & metal clip, and ERA white systems. The Locator LR pink attachment demonstrated still less retention with a load‐to‐dislodgement of 12.33 ± 1.28 N. Significantly high strain‐at‐dislodgement was recorded for the Hader bar & metal clip and Locator nylon attachment systems. The lowest dislodging loads and strains were recorded for the Shiner magnet, Maxi magnet, and Magnedisc magnet attachments. Conclusions: Results suggest that the attachment systems evaluated may be grouped into high (ERA gray), medium (Locator LR white, Spheroflex ball, Hader bar & metal clip, ERA white), low (Locator LR pink), and very low (Shiner magnet, Maxi magnet, Magnedisc magnet) retention characteristics.