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Pistachio Rootstocks Influence Scion Growth and Ion Relations under Salinity and Boron Stress

2002; American Society for Horticultural Science; Volume: 127; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.21273/jashs.127.2.194

2327-9788

Louise Ferguson, J.A. Poss, S.R. Grattan, C. M. Grieve, D. Wang, CR Wilson, T. J. Donovan, Chih-Cheng T. Chao,

Banana Cultivation and Research

Performance of `Kerman' pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) trees on three rootstocks ( P. atlantica Desf., P. integerrima Stewart and `UCB-1', a P. atlantica × P. integerrima hybrid) was evaluated with 2-year-old trees grown in sand-tank lysimeters under combined SO 4 2- and Cl - salinity and boron (B) stress for 6 months. Four salinity treatments were imposed by irrigating the plants with water at electrical conductivity (EC iw ) of 3.5, 8.7,12, or 16 dS·m -1 each containing B at 10 mg·L -1 . Growth of `Kerman' was evaluated based on increase in total leaf area, increase in trunk diameter, and total above-ground biomass production. All growth parameters decreased as salinity increased, but were not significant until EC iw exceeded 12 dS·m -1 . However, growth of `Kerman' on P. atlantica and `UCB-1' was considerably better than on P. integerrima at 16 dS·m -1 . The onset and severity of foliar injury differed among scions and treatments and was attributed primarily to B toxicity, rather than the effects of salinity. Concentrations of B in injured leaf tissue ranged from 1000 to 2500 mg·kg -1 . Leaf injury decreased with increasing salinity, although leaf B was not significantly reduced suggesting an internal synergistic interaction between B and other mineral nutrients. However for P. vera on P. integerrima , the highest level of salinity produced the greatest injury, possibly as a combination of B plus Cl - and/or Na + toxicity. Leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll concentration of P. vera , determined by steady-state porometry, were also reduced to a greater degree by combined salinity and B when budded on P. integerrima than on the other two rootstocks.