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Reactive Oxygen Species as the Molecular Modulators of Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Formation: Evidence from Clinical and Experimental Investigations

2012; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Volume: 189; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.juro.2012.05.078

1527-3792

Saeed R. Khan,

Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements

No AccessJournal of UrologyReview Article1 Mar 2013Reactive Oxygen Species as the Molecular Modulators of Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Formation: Evidence from Clinical and Experimental Investigations Saeed R. Khan Saeed R. KhanSaeed R. Khan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.05.078AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract Purpose: Idiopathic calcium oxalate kidney stones form while attached to Randall plaques, the subepithelial deposits on renal papillary surfaces. Plaque formation and growth mechanisms are poorly understood. Plaque formation elsewhere in the body is triggered by reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This review explores possible reactive oxygen species involvement in plaque formation and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Materials and Methods: A search of various databases for the last 8 years identified literature on reactive oxygen species involvement in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. The literature was reviewed and results are discussed. Results: Under normal conditions reactive oxygen species production is controlled, increasing as needed and regulating crystallization modulator production. Reactive oxygen species overproduction or decreased antioxidants lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and injury, and are involved in stone comorbidity. All major chronic inflammation markers are detectable in stone patient urine. Patients also have increased urinary excretion of the IαI and the thrombin protein families. Results of a recent study of 17,695 participants in NHANES III (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) showed significantly lower antioxidants, carotene and β-cryptoxanthin in those with a kidney stone history. Animal model and tissue culture studies revealed that high oxalate, calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystals provoked renal cell reactive oxygen species mediated inflammatory responses. Calcium oxalate crystals induce renin up-regulation and angiotensin II generation. Nonphagocytic NADPH oxidase leads to reactive oxygen species production mediated by protein kinase C. The P-38 MAPK/JNK transduction pathway is turned on. Transcriptional and growth factors, and generated secondary mediators become involved. Chemoattractant and osteopontin production is increased and macrophages infiltrate the renal interstitium around the crystal. Phagocytic NADPH oxidase is probably activated, producing additional reactive oxygen species. Localized inflammation, extracellular matrix and fibrosis develop. Crystallization modulators have a significant role in inflammation and tissue repair. Conclusions: Based on available data, Randall plaque formation is similar to extracellular matrix mineralization at many body sites. Renal interstitial collagen becomes mineralized, assisting plaque growth through the interstitium until the mineralizing front reaches papillary surface epithelium. Plaque exposure to pelvic urine may also be a result of reactive oxygen species triggered epithelial sloughing. References 1 : Climate-related increase in the prevalence of urolithiasis in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2008; 105: 9841. Google Scholar 2 : The acute and long-term adverse effects of shock wave lithotripsy. Semin Nephrol2008; 28: 200. Google Scholar 3 : Plaque and deposits in nine human stone diseases. Urol Res2010; 38: 239. Google Scholar 4 : Hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and antioxidants for renal protection. Urol Res2005; 33: 349. Google Scholar 5 : NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species: involvement in vascular physiology and pathology. 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Google Scholar Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byWang H, Panagides J, Cahill D, Bottino C, Rhodes E, Fleegler E, Cilento B, Kurtz M, Baum M and Nelson C (2022) Dietary Risk Factors for Pediatric Kidney Stones: A Case-Control StudyJournal of Urology, VOL. 208, NO. 2, (434-440), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2022.Assimos D (2020) Re: Dietary Oxalate Induces Urinary Nanocrystals in HumansJournal of Urology, VOL. 204, NO. 6, (1375-1375), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.Assimos D (2020) Re: miR-155-5p Promotes Oxalate- and Calcium-Induced Kidney Oxidative Stress Injury by Suppressing MGP ExpressionJournal of Urology, VOL. 204, NO. 2, (381-381), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.Assimos D (2020) Re: Rosiglitazone Suppresses Calcium Oxalate Crystal Binding and Oxalate-Induced Oxidative Stress in Renal Epithelial Cells by Promoting PPAR-γ Activation and Subsequent Regulation of TGF-β1 and HGF ExpressionJournal of Urology, VOL. 203, NO. 6, (1057-1057), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.Assimos D (2019) Re: Activities of Calcium-Related Ion Channels during the Formation of Kidney Stones in an Infection-Induced Urolithiasis Rat ModelJournal of Urology, VOL. 203, NO. 2, (246-247), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2020.Resnick M (2019) Re: Association of Urinary Oxalate Excretion with the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease ProgressionJournal of Urology, VOL. 202, NO. 4, (655-655), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2019.Assimos D (2019) Re: Sirtuin 3 Suppresses the Formation of Renal Calcium Oxalate Crystals through Promoting M2 Polarization of MacrophagesJournal of Urology, VOL. 201, NO. 5, (852-853), Online publication date: 1-May-2019.Assimos D (2019) Re: Calcium Oxalate Differentiates Human Monocytes into Inflammatory M1 MacrophagesJournal of Urology, VOL. 201, NO. 2, (222-223), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2019.Assimos D (2018) Re: Exosomes Derived from Calcium Oxalate-Exposed Macrophages Enhance IL-8 Production from Renal Cells, Neutrophil Migration and Crystal Invasion through Extracellular MatrixJournal of Urology, VOL. 200, NO. 6, (1159-1160), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2018.Assimos D (2018) Re: MitoTEMPO Prevents Oxalate Induced Injury in NRK-52E Cells via Inhibiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Modulating Oxidative StressJournal of Urology, VOL. 200, NO. 2, (239-241), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2018.Assimos D (2017) Re: Calcium Oxalate Induces Renal Injury through Calcium-Sensing ReceptorJournal of Urology, VOL. 197, NO. 5, (1297-1297), Online publication date: 1-May-2017.Assimos D (2016) Re: Monocyte Mitochondrial Function in Calcium Oxalate Stone FormersJournal of Urology, VOL. 196, NO. 4, (1170-1171), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2016.Assimos D (2016) Re: Renal Tubular Dysfunction in Pediatric Urolithiasis: Proteomic EvidenceJournal of Urology, VOL. 196, NO. 2, (551-551), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2016.Taguchi K, Okada A, Hamamoto S, Iwatsuki S, Naiki T, Ando R, Mizuno K, Tozawa K, Kohri K and Yasui T (2015) Proinflammatory and Metabolic Changes Facilitate Renal Crystal Deposition in an Obese Mouse Model of Metabolic SyndromeJournal of Urology, VOL. 194, NO. 6, (1787-1796), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2015.Assimos D (2014) Re: Regulation of Macromolecular Modulators of Urinary Stone Formation by Reactive Oxygen Species: Transcriptional Study in an Animal Model of HyperoxaluriaJournal of Urology, VOL. 192, NO. 3, (999-999), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2014.Shoag J and Eisner B (2013) Relationship between C-reactive Protein and Kidney Stone PrevalenceJournal of Urology, VOL. 191, NO. 2, (372-375), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2014.Assimos D (2013) Re: Klotho Gene Polymorphism of rs3752472 is Associated with the Risk of Urinary Calculi in the Population of Han Nationality in Eastern ChinaJournal of Urology, VOL. 191, NO. 1, (97-97), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2014. Volume 189Issue 3March 2013Page: 803-811 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Keywordscalcification, physiologicnephrolithiasiskidneyreactive oxygen speciescalcium oxalateMetrics Author Information Saeed R. Khan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...