Nitrogen Emissions, Deposition, and Monitoring in the Western United States
2003; Oxford University Press; Volume: 53; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0391
ISSN1525-3244
AutoresMark E. Fenn, Richard Haeuber, Gail Tonnesen, Jill S. Baron, Susanne Grossman‐Clarke, Diane Hope, Daniel A. Jaffe, S. Copeland, Linda H. Geiser, Heather M. Rueth, James O. Sickman,
Tópico(s)Odor and Emission Control Technologies
ResumoAbstract Nitrogen (N) deposition in the western United States ranges from 1 to 4 kilograms (kg) per hectare (ha) per year over much of the region to as high as 30 to 90 kg per ha per year downwind of major urban and agricultural areas. Primary N emissions sources are transportation, agriculture, and industry. Emissions of N as ammonia are about 50% as great as emissions of N as nitrogen oxides. An unknown amount of N deposition to the West Coast originates from Asia. Nitrogen deposition has increased in the West because of rapid increases in urbanization, population, distance driven, and large concentrated animal feeding operations. Studies of ecological effects suggest that emissions reductions are needed to protect sensitive ecosystem components. Deposition rates are unknown for most areas in the West, although reasonable estimates are available for sites in California, the Colorado Front Range, and central Arizona. National monitoring networks provide long-term wet deposition data and, more recently, e...
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