A stage-based population model for American alligators in northern latitudes
2014; Wiley; Volume: 78; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1002/jwmg.688
ISSN1937-2817
AutoresKylee D. Dunham, Steve Dinkelacker, Jeff Miller,
Tópico(s)Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
ResumoThe Journal of Wildlife ManagementVolume 78, Issue 3 p. 440-447 Research Article A stage-based population model for American alligators in northern latitudes Kylee Dunham, Kylee Dunham Framingham State University, 100 State Street, Framingham, MA, 01701 USASearch for more papers by this authorSteve Dinkelacker, Corresponding Author Steve Dinkelacker Framingham State University, 100 State Street, Framingham, MA, 01701 USAE-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJeff Miller, Jeff Miller Missoula College of the University of Montana, 909 South Avenue, Missoula, MT, 59801 USASearch for more papers by this author Kylee Dunham, Kylee Dunham Framingham State University, 100 State Street, Framingham, MA, 01701 USASearch for more papers by this authorSteve Dinkelacker, Corresponding Author Steve Dinkelacker Framingham State University, 100 State Street, Framingham, MA, 01701 USAE-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJeff Miller, Jeff Miller Missoula College of the University of Montana, 909 South Avenue, Missoula, MT, 59801 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 March 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.688Citations: 9 Associate Editor: Gary White Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL ABSTRACT Very little is known about the population dynamics of American alligators in northern latitudes. To better define the characteristics of the northern population, we combined published life-history and vital rate data for studies conducted in North Carolina and South Carolina; for comparison, we gleaned the same information from the literature for the southern (Florida and Louisiana) population. We constructed a 5-stage Lefkovitch matrix model for each population. The models showed that the southern population was stable and slightly increasing (λ = 1.02), whereas the northern population was in decline (λ = 0.870). We integrated potential impacts of climate change into the northern population model to determine how the population might respond to increased temperature and decreased precipitation. An increase in temperature would benefit the northern population; however, a decrease in precipitation or the combined effects of temperature increase and precipitation decrease would negatively affect the viability of the northern population. Two priorities result from modeling these scenarios: 1) a long-term monitoring program is needed to acquire the life-history and vital rate data on the northern population, and 2) current alligator habitat must be conserved or improved to insulate the species from potential drought associated with climate change. © 2014 The Wildlife Society. LITERATURE CITED Abercrombie, C. L. 1989. Population dynamics of the American alligator. Pages 1– 16 in Crocodiles, their ecology, management, and conservation. IUCN Publication, Gland, Switzerland. Akcakaya, H. R. 2005. Version 5 user manual RAMAS Metapop: viability analysis for stage-structured metapopulations. Applied Biomathematics, Setauket, New York, USA. Angilletta, M. J. 2001. Variation in metabolic rate between populations of a geographically widespread lizard. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 74: 11– 21. Arkansas State Game and Fish Commission. 2014. Code book. Arkansas State Game and Fish Commission, Little Rock, USA. . Accessed 4 Jan 2014. Bara, M. O. 1972. Alligator research project. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources, Department, Columbia, South Carolina, USA. Bara, M. O. 1975. American alligator investigations. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources, Department, Columbia, South Carolina, USA. Birkhead, W. S., and C. R. Bennett. 1981. Observations of a small population of estuarine-inhabiting alligators near Southport, North Carolina. Brimleyana 6: 111– 117. Caswell, H. 2001. Matrix population models: construction, analysis, and interpretation. Second edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. Chabreck, R. H., and T. Joanen. 1979. Growth rates of American alligators in Louisiana. Herpetologica 35: 51– 57. Chastain, R., and K. Irwin. 2008. 2007 Alligator management report. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Little Rock, USA. Crouse, D. T., L. B. Crowder, and H. Caswell. 1987. A stage-based population model for loggerhead sea turtles and implications for conservation. Ecology 68: 1412– 1423. Deitz, D. C. 1979. Behavioral ecology of young American alligators. Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. Dunham, A. E., and J. W. Gibbons. 1990. Growth of the slider turtle. Pages 135– 145 in J. W. Gibbons, editor. Life history and ecology of the slider turtle. Smithsonian Institutional Press, Washington D.C., USA. Elsey, R. M., and A. R. Woodward. 2010. American alligator Alligator mississippiensis. Pages 1– 4 in S. C. Manolis, and C. Stevenson, editors. Crocodiles: status survey and conservation action plan. Third edition. Crocodile Specialist Group, Darwin, Australia. Enneson, J. J., and J. D. Litzgus. 2008. Using long-term data and stage-classified matrix to assess conservation strategies for an endangered turtle (Clemmys guttata). Biological Conservation 141: 1560– 1568. Fuller, M. K. 1981. Characteristics of an American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) population in the vicinity of Lake Ellis Simon, North Carolina. Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA. Guillette, L. J., A. R. Woodward, D. A. Crain, G. R. Masson, B. D. Palmer, M. C. Cox, Q. You-Xiang, and E. F. Orando. 1997. The reproductive cycle of the female American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). General and Comparative Endocrinology 108: 87– 101. Hayes-Odum, L. A., and D. Jones. 1993. Effects of drought on American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in Texas. Texas Journal of Science 45: 182– 185. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Summary for policymakers. Page 17 in Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the, Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Jacobsen, T., and J. A. Kushlan. 1989. Growth dynamics in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Journal of Zoology 219: 309– 328. Janzen, F. 1994. Climate change and temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles. Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences, USA 91: 7487– 7490. Joanen, T., and L. L. McNease. 1980. Reproductive biology of the American alligator in southwest Louisiana. Pages 153– 160 in J. B. Murphy, editor. Reproductive biology and diseases of captive reptiles. Society for the Study of Reptiles and, Amphibians, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. Joanen, T., and L. L. McNease. 1989. Ecology and physiology of nesting and early development of the American alligator. American Zoology 29: 987– 998. Karl, T. R., J. M. Melillo, T. C. Peterson, and S. J. Hassol. 2009. Global climate change impacts in the United States. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Kushlan, J. A., and T. Jacobsen. 1990. Environmental variability and reproductive success of Everglades alligators. Journal of Herpetology 24: 176– 184. Lance, V. A. 1989. Reproductive cycle of the American alligator. American Zoology 29: 999– 1018. Lance, V. A. 2003. Alligator physiology and life history: the importance of temperature. Experimental Gerontology 38: 801– 805. Lance, V. A., R. M. Elsey, and J. W. Lang. 2000. Sex ratios of American alligators (Crocodylidae): male or female biased? Journal of Zoology 252: 71– 78. Mazzotti, F. J., G. R. Best, L. A. Brandt, M. S. Cherkiss, B. M. Jeffery, and K. G. Rice. 2009. Alligators and crocodiles as indicators for restoration of Everglades ecosystems. Ecological Indicators 9: 137– 149. McIlhenny, E. A. 1934. Notes on incubation and growth of alligators. Copeia 1934: 80– 88. Mitchell, N. J., and F. J. Janzen. 2010. Temperature-dependent sex determination and contemporary climate change. Sexual Development 4: 129– 140. Nichols, J. D., L. Viehman, R. H. Chabreck, and B. Fenderson. 1976. Simulation of a commercially harvested alligator population in Louisiana. Louisiana State University of Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 691: 1– 59. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. 2005. North Carolina wildlife action plan. North Carolina Wildlife Resources, Commission, Raleigh, USA. Richards, P. M., W. M. Mooij, and D. L. DeAngelis. 2004. Evaluating the effect of salinity on a simulated American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) population with applications to conservation and Everglades restoration. Ecological Modeling 180: 371– 394. Simons, A. M. 2011. Modes of response to environmental change and the elusive empirical evidence for bet hedging. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278: 1601– 1609. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2005. South Carolina comprehensive wildlife conservation strategy. South Carolina Department of Natural, Resources, Columbia, USA. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2012. Alligator hunting season report 2012. South Carolina Department of Natural, Resources, Columbia, USA. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2013. Climate change impacts to natural resources in South Carolina. Department of Natural Resources web site. . Accessed Nov 2013. Taylor, D., N. Kinler, and G. Linscombe. 1991. Female alligator reproduction and associated population estimates. Journal of Wildlife Management 55: 682– 688. Taylor, D., and W. Neal. 1984. Management implications of size class frequency distributions in Louisiana alligator populations. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12: 312– 319. Thorbjarnarson, J. B., and X. Wang. 2010. The Chinese alligator: ecology, behavior, conservation, and culture. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Tucker, A. D. 2000. Advances in crocodilian ecology and behaviour: reflections on the evolution of research topics, a current synopsis, and a prospectus. Pages 349– 363 in G. C. Grigg, F. Seebacher, and C. E. Franklin, editors. Crocodilian biology and evolution. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping, Norton, Australia. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA]. 1989. The potential impacts of global climate change on the United States. Report to Congress. United States Environmental Protection, Agency Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, Office of Research and Development, EPA-230-05-89-050, Washington D.C., USA. Wilkinson, P. M. 1984. Nesting ecology of the American alligator in coastal South Carolina. Study completion report to the South Carolina. Wildlife and Marine Resource Department, Columbia, South Carolina, USA. Wilkinson, P. M., and W. E. Rhodes. 1997. Growth rates of American alligators in coastal South Carolina. Journal of Wildlife Management 61: 397– 402. Woodward, A. R. 1996. Determination of appropriate harvest strategies for alligator management units. Final report. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish, Commission, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. Citing Literature Volume78, Issue3April 2014Pages 440-447 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)