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The genome of the green anole lizard and a comparative analysis with birds and mammals

2011; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 477; Issue: 7366 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/nature10390

1476-4687

Jessica Alföldi, Federica Di Palma, Manfred Grabherr, Christina L. Williams, Lesheng Kong, Evan Mauceli, Pamela Russell, Craig B. Lowe, Richard E. Glor, Jacob D. Jaffe, David A. Ray, Stéphane Boissinot, Andrew M. Shedlock, Christopher Botka, Todd A. Castoe, John K. Colbourne, Matthew K. Fujita, Ricardo Godinez Moreno, Boudewijn F. ten Hallers, David Haussler, Andreas Heger, David I. Heiman, Daniel E. Janes, Jeremy Johnson, Pieter J. de Jong, Maxim Koriabine, Marcia Lara, Peter A. Novick, Chris L. Organ, Sally E. Peach, Steven Poe, David D. Pollock, Kevin de Queiroz, Thomas J. Sanger, Steve Searle, Jeremy D. Smith, Zachary D. Smith, Ross Swofford, Jason Turner-Maier, Juli Wade, Sarah Young, Amonida Zadissa, Scott V. Edwards, Travis C. Glenn, Christopher J. Schneider, Jonathan B. Losos, Eric S. Lander, Matthew Breen, Chris P. Ponting, Kerstin Lindblad‐Toh,

Chromosomal and Genetic Variations

The evolution of the amniotic egg was one of the great evolutionary innovations in the history of life, freeing vertebrates from an obligatory connection to water and thus permitting the conquest of terrestrial environments. Among amniotes, genome sequences are available for mammals and birds, but not for non-avian reptiles. Here we report the genome sequence of the North American green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis. We find that A. carolinensis microchromosomes are highly syntenic with chicken microchromosomes, yet do not exhibit the high GC and low repeat content that are characteristic of avian microchromosomes. Also, A. carolinensis mobile elements are very young and diverse-more so than in any other sequenced amniote genome. The GC content of this lizard genome is also unusual in its homogeneity, unlike the regionally variable GC content found in mammals and birds. We describe and assign sequence to the previously unknown A. carolinensis X chromosome. Comparative gene analysis shows that amniote egg proteins have evolved significantly more rapidly than other proteins. An anole phylogeny resolves basal branches to illuminate the history of their repeated adaptive radiations.