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Chronic Toxicity of Ammonia to Rainbow Trout

1984; Wiley; Volume: 113; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1577/1548-8659(1984)113 2.0.co;2

1548-8659

Robert V. Thurston, Rosemarie C. Russo, R. J. Luedtke, Charlie E. Smith, Elizabeth L. Meyn, Charles Chakoumakos, Kenneth C. Wang, C. J. D. Brown,

Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth

Transactions of the American Fisheries SocietyVolume 113, Issue 1 p. 56-73 Original Articles Chronic Toxicity of Ammonia to Rainbow Trout Robert V. Thurston, Robert V. Thurston Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorRosemarie C. Russo, Rosemarie C. Russo Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorRobert J. Luedtke, Robert J. Luedtke Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorCharlie E. Smith, Charlie E. Smith Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth L. Meyn, Elizabeth L. Meyn Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorCharles Chakoumakos, Charles Chakoumakos Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorKenneth C. Wang, Kenneth C. Wang Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorC. J. D. Brown, C. J. D. Brown Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this author Robert V. Thurston, Robert V. Thurston Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorRosemarie C. Russo, Rosemarie C. Russo Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorRobert J. Luedtke, Robert J. Luedtke Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorCharlie E. Smith, Charlie E. Smith Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth L. Meyn, Elizabeth L. Meyn Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorCharles Chakoumakos, Charles Chakoumakos Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorKenneth C. Wang, Kenneth C. Wang Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this authorC. J. D. Brown, C. J. D. Brown Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1984 https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1984)113 2.0.CO;2Citations: 76AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract The chronic effects of ammonia to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri were studied in a laboratory test conducted over a 5-year period. Fish were tested at five concentrations over the range 0.01–0.07 mg/liter un-ionized ammonia; the mean pH of the test water was 7.7, and the mean temperature was 9.3 C. Parental fish were exposed for 11 months, the first filial generation (F1) for 4 years, and the second filial generation (F2) for 5 months. The parental fish spawned of their own volition at all ammonia concentrations tested; baskets containing crushed rock served as the spawning substrate. The F1 fish did not spawn voluntarily at either 3 or 4 years of age, although manual spawning of 4-year-old F1 fish produced viable eggs. There was no significant correlation between ammonia concentration and numbers of egg lots spawned, total numbers of eggs produced, numbers of viable eggs, growth of progeny, or mortality of parents or progeny in any of the generations tested. Blood ammonia concentrations were measured in F1 fish, and proved to be positively correlated with ammonia concentrations in the test water. Histopathological lesions were common in parental and F1 fish at un-ionized ammonia concentrations of 0.04 mg/liter and higher; in F2 fish, which incurred a severe protozoan infection (Costia sp.), lesions were common at 0.02 mg/liter and higher. Received April 27, 1981 Accepted October 9, 1983 Citing Literature Volume113, Issue1January 1984Pages 56-73 RelatedInformation