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Effect of ingestion of purple grape juice on endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease

2001; Elsevier BV; Volume: 88; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0002-9149(01)01738-6

1879-1913

Eric Chou, Jon G. Keevil, Susan E. Aeschlimann, Donald A. Wiebe, John D. Folts, James H. Stein,

Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology

The "French Paradox" refers to the observation that the coronary heart disease mortality rate is lower in France than in other industrialized countries with similar prevalences of coronary risk factors. 1 St Leger A.S. Cochrane A.L. Moore F. Factors associated with cardiac mortality in developed countries with particular reference to the consumption of wine. Lancet. 1979; 1: 1017-1020 Abstract PubMed Scopus (640) Google Scholar , 2 Renaud S. De Lorgeril M. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1992; 339: 1523-1526 Abstract PubMed Scopus (3238) Google Scholar This paradox has been attributed to frequent consumption of alcohol-containing beverages, which increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and inhibit platelet function. 1 St Leger A.S. Cochrane A.L. Moore F. Factors associated with cardiac mortality in developed countries with particular reference to the consumption of wine. Lancet. 1979; 1: 1017-1020 Abstract PubMed Scopus (640) Google Scholar , 2 Renaud S. De Lorgeril M. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1992; 339: 1523-1526 Abstract PubMed Scopus (3238) Google Scholar , 3 Castelli W.P. Gordon T. Hjortland M.C. Alcohol and blood lipids. Lancet. 1977; 2: 153-155 Abstract PubMed Scopus (506) Google Scholar , 4 Truelson T. Gronbaek M. Schnohr P. Boysen G. Intake of beer, wine, and spirits and risk of stroke The Copenhagen Heart Study. Stroke. 1998; 29: 2467-2472 Crossref PubMed Scopus (197) Google Scholar , 5 Gaziano J.M. Buring J.E. Breslow J.L. Goldhaber S.U. Rosner B. Van Denburgh M. Willet W. Hennekens C.H. Moderate alcohol intake, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein and its subfractions, and decreased risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329: 1829-1834 Crossref PubMed Scopus (936) Google Scholar , 6 Renaud S.C. Beswick A.D. Fehily A.M. Sharp D.S. Elwood P.C. Alcohol and platelet aggregation The Caerphilly Prospective Heart Disease Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992; 55: 1012-1017 PubMed Scopus (261) Google Scholar , 7 Demrow H.S. Slane P.R. Folts J.D. Administration of wine and grape juice inhibits in vivo platelet activity and thrombosis in stenosed canine coronary arteries. Circulation. 1995; 91: 1182-1188 Crossref PubMed Scopus (410) Google Scholar Several epidemiologic studies suggest that ingestion of red wine, which contains several hundred different types of flavonoids, is more cardioprotective than beer or spirits. 1 St Leger A.S. Cochrane A.L. Moore F. Factors associated with cardiac mortality in developed countries with particular reference to the consumption of wine. Lancet. 1979; 1: 1017-1020 Abstract PubMed Scopus (640) Google Scholar , 2 Renaud S. De Lorgeril M. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1992; 339: 1523-1526 Abstract PubMed Scopus (3238) Google Scholar , 3 Castelli W.P. Gordon T. Hjortland M.C. Alcohol and blood lipids. Lancet. 1977; 2: 153-155 Abstract PubMed Scopus (506) Google Scholar , 4 Truelson T. Gronbaek M. Schnohr P. Boysen G. Intake of beer, wine, and spirits and risk of stroke The Copenhagen Heart Study. Stroke. 1998; 29: 2467-2472 Crossref PubMed Scopus (197) Google Scholar Indeed, the flavonoids found in red wine and purple grape juice (GJ) also inhibit platelet aggregation, and in 1 study, were shown to be powerful antioxidants that improved endothelial function. 8 Osman H.E. Maalej N. Shanmuganayagam D. Folts J.D. Grape juice, but not orange or grapefruit juice, inhibit platelet activity in dogs and monkeys. J Nutr. 1998; 128: 2307-2312 PubMed Scopus (117) Google Scholar , 9 Keevil J.G. Osman H.E. Reed J.D. Folts J.D. Grape juice, but not orange juice or grapefruit juice, inhibits human platelet aggregation. J Nutr. 2000; 130: 53-56 PubMed Scopus (253) Google Scholar , 10 Stein J.H. Keevil J.G. Wiebe D.A. Aeschlimann S. Folts J.D. Purple grape juice improves endothelial function and reduces the susceptibility of LDL cholesterol to oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1999; 100: 1050-1055 Crossref PubMed Scopus (532) Google Scholar In that study, however, most subjects were taking vitamin E, so it is unclear if the observed results were due solely to the flavonoids in GJ or a combination of vitamin E and GJ. 10 Stein J.H. Keevil J.G. Wiebe D.A. Aeschlimann S. Folts J.D. Purple grape juice improves endothelial function and reduces the susceptibility of LDL cholesterol to oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1999; 100: 1050-1055 Crossref PubMed Scopus (532) Google Scholar Furthermore, a high dose of GJ was administered (approximately 8 ml/kg/day) for only 2 weeks. The purpose of this study was to assess the endothelial function and antioxidant effects of 2 doses of purple GJ alone and in combination with vitamin E for 8 weeks.